Dietary Intake of Amateur Bodybuilding Athletes Around Polokwane Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Masoga, Sylven; Makuse, Sefora H. M.; Bopape, Makoma M.

doi:10.5539/gjhs.v11n9p134

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This may predispose them to nutritional deficiencies and later health hitches, such as bone problems whenever continuing in this sport. Therefore, the involvement of dietetic/nutrition practitioners within existing team members, such as coaches and trainers, may assist this group in nutrition guidance for instance; diet plans, body composition, and weight monitoring [23]. The researchers are aware that the findings of this study cannot be generalized given the smaller sample size.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary practices of soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Masoga

Maja²,

Matsepane³

et al. 2021

Sport Sci Health

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Background There is a growing number of athletes participating in soccer sports within the higher institutions of learning. However, studies involving the dietary practices of these athletes remain relatively scarce. Objective To determine the dietary practices of soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methodology This was a descriptive quantitative study, which adopted a purposive sampling technique to obtain 31 out of 40 registered soccer athletes representing the University of Limpopo as a team. The approval was obtained from the Turfloop Research and Ethics Committee (TREC). Data were collected at the University of Limpopo sports grounds, in the afternoons before the commencement of the training. The demographic status which included the gender, weight, and duration of athletes involved in sports of soccer at the University were collected. The weights of the athletes were also measured using a digital scale from SECA to calculate the nutrient requirements. The dietary practices of athletes were collected using the modified 24-h recall questionnaire on three different days. Athletes were required to recall all food items consumed in the previous 24 h. The researchers used household measuring utensils and food models to assist athletes in estimating food quantities. Athletes were required to recall incidences that took place in the previous to associate with food items taken. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to determine the regularity of consumption of different food items. The nutrient intake for the athletes was obtained from the average analysis of the three 24-h recall questionnaires through MRC Food Finder (version 3.0). The SPSS software (24.0) was then used to determine descriptive tests expressing variables as percentages, means, standard deviations (± SD), and minimum and maximum values. The obtained test results were then compared to the recommendations by the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2018). Results Majority (81.0%) of athletes engaged in soccer sport for ≤ 2 years while at University. Overall, 61% of athletes consumed three meals/day. Only 65% consumed meals 2–3 h before the training. Majority of the athletes (≥ 61%) consumed carbohydrates, protein, and fat below the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) recommendations. Additionally, more than 65% of the same athletes consumed vitamins and minerals below the recommendations. None of the athletes consumed any food immediately after training. Conclusion The dietary intakes were below the ISSN recommendations. The dietary practices of athletes involved in the sport of soccer at the University of Limpopo were not adhering to soccer nutritional guidelines. Therefore, athletes need to receive nutrition support through the appointment of nutrition experts or dietitians to assist in nutrition and dietary related practices of athletes. Involvement of other multidisciplinary members is also warranted in sports of soccer and other sports categories to improve athletes’ performance without compromising their health.

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Section: Conclusion and Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary practices of soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Masoga

Maja²,

Matsepane³

et al. 2021

Sport Sci Health

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“…A similar intake of energy below recommended values was reported by Jenner et al [21] among Australian soccer athletes. Another study in Limpopo province reported the same findings among the athletes, although the focus of this study was on a different group of athletes, bodybuilders [22]. However, in another study by Steffl et al [23], adequate energy intake was reported among athletes.…”

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 54%

Fitness Soccer Athletes Training at the University of Limpopo, South Africa: Are the Macronutrients Intake and Anthropometric Status of These Athletes Optimal?

Makhafola

Makhubela

Masoga

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Dietary practices of the University of Limpopo soccer team athletes have been reported. However, the practices of those engaging in soccer for general fitness from different non-competitive teams remain unknown. To respond to this gap, the researchers investigated the energy, macronutrient intake, and BMI status and further correlated the two variables of the fitness non-competitive soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo in South Africa. Method: A quantitative study design was undertaken to conveniently sample 60 out of 90 fitness soccer athletes from the four non-competitive soccer teams at the University of Limpopo sports grounds. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Limpopo Research and Ethics Committee, and permission was given by the university sports management and team coaches. Athletes signed the informed consent form before participating in the study. Data were collected at the soccer fields during the afternoons before the start of training. Macronutrient intake data were collected using multiple (two) 24-h recall questionnaires on different days, which were validated by the food frequency questionnaire. Weight and height were measured using a digital scale (Seca 813 electronic flat scale) and stadiometer (Seca 213 portable stadiometer) for BMI calculations, respectively. The average energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated through the SAMRC FoodFinder software (3.0). The nutrient averages, together with the BMI results, were loaded into SPSS (26.0) for further analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to report the energy, macronutrient intake, and BMI statuses of athletes using percentages, means, and standard deviations (±SD). A one-way ANOVA test was used to determine the association between the latter variables. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was the criterion used to correlate the variables. Results: All (100%) athletes were males, most of whom played soccer for 2–3 years while at the university. Almost half (48%) of athletes consumed energy (39.6 kcal/kg) below the recommendations. About 92% and 53% of athletes consumed carbohydrates (5.0 g/kg) and fat (1.2 g/kg) below the recommended values; while 43% consumed protein (1.4 g/kg) optimally. The majority (>80%) had a normal BMI (21.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) status. However, there were no relationships between the energy (p = 0.383), CHO (p = 0.261), protein (p = 0.543), and fat (p = 0179) intake and the BMI status of athletes. Conclusion: The macronutrient intake of fitness soccer athletes at the University of Limpopo is, on the whole, suboptimal. However, the athletes had normal body weights. There was no association between both the energy and macronutrient intake and the anthropometric (BMI) status of soccer athletes.

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“…Nutritional information sources such as coaches and/or media may at times offer inconsistent or deviating evidence-based practices [37] posing a threat to the health outcomes of athletes. For instance, in a study by Masoga et al, macronutrients intake by bodybuilding athletes around PM was reported suboptimal [7]. It is possible that the type of nutrition information source used by the majority of bodybuilders in the latter study guided them toward intakes that deviate from sports nutrition science.…”

Section: Nutrition Information Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although the use of ergogenic substances among young athletes is not encouraged, there seems to remain an increased use of these substances by athletes [5]. The dietary intake of bodybuilding athletes around the PM has been reported [7]. However, practices related to the use of ergogenic substances have not been comprehensively covered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ergogenic Substances amongst Bodybuilding Athletes Around Polokwane Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Masoga,

Wisdom Mboweni,

Matlala Ramokolo

2023

AJNE

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Background: Although there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of some ergogenic substances, it remains a common practice among bodybuilding athletes. Nevertheless, the use of ergogenics among bodybuilding athletes around Polokwane Municipality (PM) in Limpopo Province remains unknown. Aim: To determine the use of ergogenic substances amongst bodybuilding athletes around Polokwane municipality in Limpopo Province. Methods: A descriptive study with a purposive sampling technique was used to obtain 51 amateur bodybuilding athletes in gyms around PM. Ethical approval and permission were obtained from the MEDUNSA Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) and coaches respectively. Sampled athletes signed written informed consent forms. Data collection was done using self-designed questionnaires covering the demography, training information, and the use of ergogenic agents. Data were loaded onto the SPSS (v.23) and analyzed. Descriptive tests were used to describe ergogenic use through ranges, percentages, means, and standard deviations (±SD). Results: The majority (94.1%) were males, of which 66.7% participated as bodybuilders for ≤2 years. Almost all athletes (86.3%) trained three to four days a week for 1–3 hr (94.1%) on weekdays. Only 37.3% relied on coaches for nutrition information followed by those who used social media (29.4%), teammates (29.3%), and nutrition experts (4.0%). A few athletes (15.7%) used ergogenics, of them, 13.7% used creatine and 2.0% vitamin capsules. Conclusion: Overall, Polokwane bodybuilders were not using ergogenic agents during their bodybuilding sports careers. Keywords: bodybuilding, ergogenic agents, supplements and athletes

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Dietary Intake of Amateur Bodybuilding Athletes Around Polokwane Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Dietary practices of soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Dietary practices of soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Fitness Soccer Athletes Training at the University of Limpopo, South Africa: Are the Macronutrients Intake and Anthropometric Status of These Athletes Optimal?

Use of Ergogenic Substances amongst Bodybuilding Athletes Around Polokwane Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa

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