Dietary intake of fat and fibre according to reference values relates to higher gut microbiota richness in overweight pregnant women

Abstract

The diet-microbiota-metabolism relationships during pregnancy are mostly unknown. We explored the effect of the habitual diet and adherence to the dietary reference values on gut microbiota composition and diversity. Further, the association of gut microbiota with serum lipidomics and low-grade inflammation was evaluated. Overweight and obese women (BMI 30·7 (sd 4·4) kg/m2, n 100) were studied at early pregnancy (≤17 weeks). Intakes of nutrients were calculated from 3-d food diaries. Faecal microbiota composition was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fasting serum lipidomic profiles were determined by NMR. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA) and lipopolysaccharide activity were used as markers for low-grade inflammation. The recommended dietary intake of fibre and fat was related to higher gut microbiota richness and lower abundance of Bacteroidaceae. Correlations were observed between gut microbiota richness and GlycA and between a few microbiota genera and serum lipoprotein particles. As a conclusion, adherence to the dietary reference intake of fat and fibre was associated with beneficial gut microbiota composition, which again contributed to lipidomic profile. Higher gut microbiota richness and nutrient intakes were linked to a lower level of low-grade inflammation marker GlycA. This finding offers novel insights and opportunities for dietary modification during pregnancy with potential of improving the health of the mother and the child.

Fecal microbiota and bile acid interactions with systemic and adipose tissue metabolism in diet-induced weight loss of obese postmenopausal women

“…Our analysis suggests that the microbiota may compensate for the lack of substrates in the diet by increasing their production of these carbohydrates and lipids following the VLCD [48]. Recent studies show that the quality of food rather than caloric content is the key for maintaining rich/healthy fecal microbiome [14, 49]. Although others observed changes in fecal SCFA content following VLCD-induced weight loss, as has recently been reported [42], these changes presumably reflect the lack of fermentable fiber in the colon.…”

Title: Human Serum/Plasma Glycoprotein Analysis by 1H-NMR, an Emerging Method of Inflammatory Assessment

“…A clear example of this is the NMR-algorithm (Lipoprofile ® ) at LabCorp, Inc. (formerly LipoScience, Inc.), which quantifies GlycA in plasma [84]. Another example is Nightingale Health Ltd. (formerly Brainshake, Ltd.), which also quantifies GlycA in serum samples [86]. Also noteworthy is Biosfer Teslab S,L (Liposcale ® ).…”

“…[139] Probiotics Greater gut microbiota richness is negatively linked with low-grade inflammation marker GlycA. [86]…”

Childhood adversity impact on gut microbiota and inflammatory response to stress during pregnancy

“…Evidence suggests the gut microbiota influence inflammation and HPA axis function (Rea et al, 2016; Sudo, 2014). For instance, low diversity of gut microbial communities was associated with elevated inflammation in rodents (Bailey et al, 2011) and in humans (Röytiö et al, 2017). Relative abundance of specific gut bacteria including Akkermansia , Flexibacter and Prevotella have been associated with inflammation in rodents (Ganesh et al, 2013; Pusceddu et al, 2015), and Megasphaera and Proteobacteria were associated with elevated inflammatory markers in humans (Mukhopadhya et al, 2012; Schirmer et al, 2016).…”

“…However, childhood trauma trended toward a significant association with PTSD diagnosis, making it difficult to determine the effect of childhood trauma independent of current psychiatric functioning. During pregnancy, maintenance of diversity in gut bacterial communities was associated with less systemic inflammation (Röytiö et al, 2017). Whether ACE is associated with altered gut communities during pregnancy is unknown, but a critical question, as maternal gut microbiota not only have a potential influence on inflammation (Schirmer et al, 2016), but produce metabolites necessary for the developing fetus (Gomez de Agüero et al, 2016), thus influencing fetal development in multiple ways.…”