Dietary Intake of Immature <i>Citrus tumida</i> Hort. ex Tanaka Peels Suppressed Body Weight Gain and Fat Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Acute Obesity

Abstract

Citrus fruits have several potential benefits for maintaining our health. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of immature Citrus tumida hort. ex Tanaka (C. tumida) peels using an acute obesity mice model. C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 2 groups; HFD-LL subjected to a high fat diet (HFD) and constant light exposure (LL), and HFDC-LL subjected to a HFD containing immature peel powder of C. tumida (5% w/w) and LL. Dietary ingestion of immature C. tumida peels significantly suppressed body weight gain following decreased epidydimal, perirenal, and subcutaneous fat weights. Blood levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the HFDC-LL were significantly lower than those in the HFD-LL group; however, there was no significant difference in food or calorie intake between the 2 groups. These results suggested that immature C. tumida peels have a beneficial effect on the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome via its biochemical activities of lipid metabolism.

Citrus species: Modern functional food and nutraceutical-based product ingredient

“…Dietary ingestion of Citrus tumida Hort. ex Tanaka peels powder (5% w/w) suppressed BW gain by decreasing epidydimal, perirenal, and subcutaneous fat weights (Sato et al, 2019).…”

Citrus Extract as a Perspective for the Control of Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis From Animal Models to Human Studies

“…After this design, 31 articles remained, the full texts of which were analyzed, thus yielding 27 articles that were finally included in the qualitative synthesis ( Figure 1 ; Tables 1–3 ). Of these, 22 studies were preclinical trials ( Vinson et al, 1998 ; Bok et al, 1999 ; Terpstra et al, 2002 ; Zulkhairi et al, 2010 ; Ding et al, 2012 ; Kang et al, 2012 ; Raasmaja et al, 2013 ; Lu et al, 2013 ; Kim et al, 2013 ; Muhtadi et al, 2015 ; Dinesh and Hegde, 2016 ; Shin et al, 2016 ; Ashraf et al, 2017 ; Fayek et al, 2017 ; Chou et al, 2018 ; Feksa et al, 2018 ; Mir et al, 2019 ; Sato et al, 2019 ; Hase-Tamaru et al, 2019 ; Ling et al, 2020 ; Ke et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2020 ), 3 were exclusively clinical studies ( Gorinstein et al, 2007 ; Toth et al, 2015 ; Cai et al, 2017 ) and 1 study contained preclinical and clinical protocols ( Mollace et al, 2011 ) ( Figure 1 ). For the quantitative synthesis, 25 articles ( Vinson et al, 1998 ; Bok et al, 1999 ; Gorinstein et al, 2007 ; Zulkhairi et al, 2010 ; Mollace et al, 2011 ; Ding et al, 2012 ; Kang et al, 2012 ; Terpstra et al, 2012; Kim et al, 2013 ; Lu et al, 2013 ; Raasmaja et al, 2013 ; Muhtadi et al, 2015 ; Dinesh and Hegde, 2016 ; Shin et al, 2016 ; Ashraf et al, 2017 ; Cai et al, 2017 ; Fayek et al, 2017 ; Chou et al, 2018 ; Feksa et al, 2018 ; Hase-Tamaru et al, 2019 ; Mir et al, 2019 ; Sato et al, 2019 ; Ke et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2020 ; …”

“…Of these, 22 studies were preclinical trials ( Vinson et al, 1998 ; Bok et al, 1999 ; Terpstra et al, 2002 ; Zulkhairi et al, 2010 ; Ding et al, 2012 ; Kang et al, 2012 ; Raasmaja et al, 2013 ; Lu et al, 2013 ; Kim et al, 2013 ; Muhtadi et al, 2015 ; Dinesh and Hegde, 2016 ; Shin et al, 2016 ; Ashraf et al, 2017 ; Fayek et al, 2017 ; Chou et al, 2018 ; Feksa et al, 2018 ; Mir et al, 2019 ; Sato et al, 2019 ; Hase-Tamaru et al, 2019 ; Ling et al, 2020 ; Ke et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2020 ), 3 were exclusively clinical studies ( Gorinstein et al, 2007 ; Toth et al, 2015 ; Cai et al, 2017 ) and 1 study contained preclinical and clinical protocols ( Mollace et al, 2011 ) ( Figure 1 ). For the quantitative synthesis, 25 articles ( Vinson et al, 1998 ; Bok et al, 1999 ; Gorinstein et al, 2007 ; Zulkhairi et al, 2010 ; Mollace et al, 2011 ; Ding et al, 2012 ; Kang et al, 2012 ; Terpstra et al, 2012; Kim et al, 2013 ; Lu et al, 2013 ; Raasmaja et al, 2013 ; Muhtadi et al, 2015 ; Dinesh and Hegde, 2016 ; Shin et al, 2016 ; Ashraf et al, 2017 ; Cai et al, 2017 ; Fayek et al, 2017 ; Chou et al, 2018 ; Feksa et al, 2018 ; Hase-Tamaru et al, 2019 ; Mir et al, 2019 ; Sato et al, 2019 ; Ke et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2020 ; Ling et al, 2020 ) were selected. The level of agreement among the reviewers was 0.470, being considered as moderate.…”

Antioxidant effect of Kimchi supplemented with Jeju citrus concentrate and its antiobesity effect on 3T3‐L1 adipocytes

“…These results indicated that citrus concentrate of CK has a potential to inhibit the lipid accumulation. In Sato's research, immature citrus fruit power intake showed the antiobesity effect by decreasing blood lipids (Sato, Goto, Inoue, Miyaguchi, & Toyoda, ).…”