Dietary intake of manganese by New Zealand infants during the first six months of life

McLeod, Barbara E.; Robinson, Marion F.

doi:10.1079/bjn19720086

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Nuts and unrefined grains are rich sources of manga nese, while dairy products and meats contain only small concentrations. Human milk has been reported to contain between 4 and 120 pg manganese/1 [30][31][32][33][34], Fomon [34] gives values of 7-15 pg/1 as the normal concentra tion of manganese in mature human milk. Vuori [30] found 5.9 pg/1 in the 2nd week of lactation with a decline to 4 pg/1 in the 2nd month.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese in Infant Formulas and Learning Disability

1983

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The concentration of manganese in the hair of normal newborn infants was found to increase significantly from 0.19 µg/g at birth to 0.965 µg/g at 6 weeks of age and 0.685 µg/g at 4 months when they were fed infant formula. There was an insignificant increase to 0.330 µg/g at age 4 months in breast-fed infants. After this age there was a slow decline in hair manganese to 0.268 µg/g in normal children at age 8 years and 0.434 in learning disabled (hyperactive) children. This is the third study reporting elevated hair manganese in learning disabled children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese in Infant Formulas and Learning Disability

1983

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“…The amount of manganese in the human fetus is unknown, but the fetal liver contains Acta Padiatr Scund Suppi296 0.13 mg/100 g wet weight (23). Human milk contains 1.2-2.0 pg/lOO ml (mean 1.5 pg/lOO ml) and cow's milk 3.2-5.2 pg/lOO ml (mean 4.0 pg/IOO ml) but it is not known how the concentration changes in the course of lactation (37). Table 6 gives the results of manganese balances reported by Widdowson (38) in breastfed babies aged 5-8 days.…”

Section: Manganesementioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Metal Requirements of Preterm Infants

Shaw

1982

Acta Paediatrica

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Trace metal requirements of preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 296: 93, 1982. -The elements zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and chromium are considered to he essential nutrients in man. It is known that they cross the placenta because they are all present in fetal bodies where they are presumably necessary for normal growth and development. Though deficiency of copper, zinc, selenium and chromium have been reported in man only copper and zinc deficiency have been described in premature infants. Typically, the deficiency develops late (between 3-6 months of age), at a time when the concentration in breastmilk is falling and before a mixed diet has been introduced.This late onset, together with data on body composition, suggests that preterm infants are born with storesalbeit smallof copper and zinc, as they are with iron. The stores may be depleted to a variable extent following birth by dietary insufficiency (particularly total parenteral nutrition), malabsorption and diarrhoea. This leads to severe deficiency in some infants and possibly less severe deficiency in many more, which may pass unrecognised because of difficulties in diagnosis. Dietary provision of a trace element should have two purposes. It should he sufficient to prevent the development of a deficiency state, and to provide enough to enable stores to he formed so that deficiency does not immediately occur if the diet is temporarily inadequate. No case of manganese, molybdenum, selenium or chromium deficiency has yet been described in preterm infants, but no systematic search for deficiency of these elements has yet been undertaken.

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“…Thus the low concentration of trace elements in breast milk does not necessarily mean low intake. Studies o n the trace element intake of exclusively-breast-fed, healthy infants are not numerous (Maurer et al 1934;Kleinbaum, 1962;Cave11 & Widdowson, 1964;McLeod & Robinson, 1972;Picciano & Guthrie, 1976;Picciano & Deering, 1977). The results of such studies, however, ought to serve as a guide when the trace element requirements for infants are estimated.…”

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confidence: 99%