Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids From Fish and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy

Chew, Emily Y.

doi:10.1001/jama.2017.1926

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Accordingly, IR plays an essential role in inhibiting the activity of these enzymes affecting afterwards DGLA synthesis and PGE1-mediated sAC activation.Diet constitutes a crucial aspect of the overall management of diabetes, which may prevent or ameliorate diabetes-related complications. In fact, recent studies suggested that PUFAs intake lowers the risk of vascular complications associated with diabetes such as retinopathy [ 27 ] and nephropathy [ 28 ]. A multicenter clinical trial revealed a significant improvement of 13 diabetic neuropathy parameters in T2D patients supplemented with gamma-linolenic acid for one year [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of disturbed fatty acids metabolism in the pathophysiology of diabetic erectile dysfunction

et al. 2017

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BackgroundVasculogenic erectile dysfunction (VED) is considered as a common complication among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested whether changes in fatty acid (FAs) classes measured in erythrocytes are associated with increased risk of diabetic VED along with related risk factors.MethodsWe assessed erythrocyte FAs composition, lipid peroxidation parameters and inflammatory cytokines among 72 T2D men with VED, 78 T2D men without VED and 88 healthy volunteers with similar age. Biochemical, hepatic, lipid and hormonal profiles were measured.ResultsT2D people with VED had significant decrease in the indexes of Δ6-desaturase and elongase activities compared to the other studied groups. The same group of participants displayed lower erythrocytes levels of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (C20:3n-6) (P < .001), precursor of the messenger molecule PGE1 mainly involved in promoting erection. Moreover, absolute SFAs concentration and HOMA IR levels were higher in T2D people with VED when compared to controls and associated with impaired NO concentration (1.43 vs 3.30 ng/L, P < .001). Our results showed that IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased and positively correlated with MDA levels only in T2D people with VED (r = 0.884, P = .016 and r = 0.753, P = .035; respectively) suggesting a decrease in the relative availability of vasodilator mediators and an activation of vasoconstrictors release.ConclusionOur findings show that the deranged FAs metabolism represents a potential marker of VED in progress, or at least an indicator of increased risk within men with T2D.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of disturbed fatty acids metabolism in the pathophysiology of diabetic erectile dysfunction

et al. 2017

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“…Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Omega-3 is an important product from the Mediterranean diet [33], as it is one of the main reasons why this diet is so commonly healthy. Omega fatty acids encompass three major subtypes: omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids.…”

Section: Polyphenols: Anthocyanins and Resveratrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, omega-3 is subcomposed of three more types: alpha-linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid [191]. Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in fish, and based on observational data, an intake of 500 mg/d is associated with a decreased risk of a sight-threatening DR [33]. This can be explained by several mechanisms.…”

Section: Polyphenols: Anthocyanins and Resveratrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mediterranean diet is a recognized overall healthy diet, and it has been shown to have a protective effect against DR [31,32]. It contains a high amount of fish and extra virgin olive oil rich in omega-3 PUFAs [33] and mixed nuts rich on polyphenols that may reduce the risk of developing diabetes [34] and benefits insulin resistance [35] (see Table 1). This diet is rich in anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic factors such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which also increases antioxidant enzyme activity [36] (as seen in Figure 2).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Robles-Rivera

Castellanos-González

Olvera-Montaño

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease induced by a sustained state of chronic hyperglycemia that can lead to several complications targeting highly metabolic cells. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular complication of DM, with high prevalence, which can ultimately lead to visual impairment. The genesis of DR involves a complex variety of pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, lipid peroxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, each possessing potential therapeutic biomarkers. A specific treatment has yet to be developed for early stages of DR since no management is given other than glycemic control until the proliferative stage develops, offering a poor visual prognosis to the patient. In this narrative review article, we evaluate different dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Pattern to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and their functional foods, and low-calorie diets (LCDs). Nutraceuticals have also been assessed in DR on account of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, which may have an important impact on the physiopathology of DR. These nutraceuticals have shown to lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), important inflammatory factors, cytokines, and endothelial damage biomarkers either as monotherapies or combined therapies or concomitantly with established diabetes management or nonconventional adjuvant drugs like topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

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“…8 In middle-aged and older individuals with T2DM, intake of at least 500 mg per day of dietary long-chain o-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy. 9 With an emphasis on diet, incorporating low glycemic index foods, regular exercise, and nutraceutical supplementation, a holistic treatment plan can be devised. This integrative approach can accommodate personal and cultural food preferences, activity level, and symptoms while maintaining appropriate caloric needs for diabetes management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging Case in Clinical Practice: Challenging Conventional Wisdom in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—Does Every HgbA1c Above 9.0% Require Insulin? An Integrative Approach to Type 2 Diabetes

SmithKendall

HwangJacob

McNallyShawna

et al. 2019

Alternative and Complementary Therapies

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease characterized by endocrine dysfunction with metabolic derangements. These are primarily composed of peripheral insulin resistance and, eventually, inadequate insulin secretion. Excess adiposity often precedes this condition, in part as a result of consuming highly processed foods and living a sedentary lifestyle. Compelling scientific evidence indicates that lifestyle and dietary modification effectively treats, prevents, and delays the development of T2DM. Establishing individualized methods to prevent T2DM is an urgent challenge for our health care community and society. This case highlights the utilization of integrative modalities such as nutritional, lifestyle, and nutraceutical interventions and demonstrates a novel approach in the long-term maintenance and prevention of T2DM.

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Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids From Fish and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Role of disturbed fatty acids metabolism in the pathophysiology of diabetic erectile dysfunction

Role of disturbed fatty acids metabolism in the pathophysiology of diabetic erectile dysfunction

Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Challenging Case in Clinical Practice: Challenging Conventional Wisdom in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—Does Every HgbA1c Above 9.0% Require Insulin? An Integrative Approach to Type 2 Diabetes

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