Dietary intake of soluble fiber and risk of islet autoimmunity by 5 y of age: results from the TEDDY study

Beyerlein, Andreas; Liu, Xiang; Uusitalo, Ulla; Harsunen, Minna; Norris, Jill M.; Foterek, Kristina; Virtanen, Suvi Μ.; Rewers, Marian; She, Jin‐Xiong; Simell, Olli; Lernmark, Åke; Hagopian, William; Akolkar, Beena; Ziegler, Anette‐G.; Krischer, Jeffrey P.; Hummel, Sandra

doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.108159

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Soluble dietary fiber intake during infancy and childhood was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity in the German and US children from the TEDDY study .…”

Section: Fetal Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Dietary factors in the development of type 1 diabetes

Virtanen

2016

Pediatr Diabetes

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There are several indicators concerning the putative importance of dietary factors during the fetal period lactation, infancy and childhood in the etiology of type 1 diabetes. Among foods, cow's milk consumption has been associated with an increased risk of preclinical and/or clinical type 1 diabetes and sugars with a progression from preclinical to clinical disease. Breast milk, on the other hand, may be protective. Processed foods may be related to a greater risk of type 1 diabetes because they contain higher amounts of advanced glycation end-products. Nitrites or N-nitroso compounds in processed meat products could increase the risk of this disease. Among nutrients, n-3 fatty acids, vitamins D and E, and zinc may protect from preclinical and/or clinical type 1 diabetes. The microbial composition of foods or food's other effects on gut microbiota are receiving increasing attention, also due to their putative role in the development of type 1 diabetes. Still the number of prospective studies in this research field is limited and most of the findings remain to be replicated.

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“…Soluble dietary fiber intake during infancy and childhood was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity in the German and US children from the TEDDY study .…”

Section: Fetal Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Several types of dietary exposures at different stages of life may be connected to the development of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes (Table , Refs. ). Already, maternal diet during pregnancy may affect the development of this disease .…”

Section: Suspected Risk and Protective Factors Of Pre‐ Or Clinical Tymentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary factors in the development of type 1 diabetes

Virtanen

2016

Pediatr Diabetes

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“…To our knowledge, no previous studies exist on the association between oat intake and the risk of IA or T1D. Two previous prospective studies found no association between children's total 22 and soluble 21 dietary fiber intake and IA. Differences in the results compared with this study may be explained by different outcome variables, food varied from 75.4% at 6 months to 92.6% at 1 year for oats; 52.7% at 6 months to 75.3% at 6 years for rice; 56.2% at 6 months to 98.9% at 6 years for wheat; 33.8% at 6 months to 92.1% at 6 years for rye; and 31.8% at 6 months to 60.1% at 1 year for barley.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Association of Cereal, Gluten, and Dietary Fiber Intake With Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2019

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IMPORTANCE Dietary proteins, such as gluten, have been suggested as triggers of the disease process in type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVE To study the associations of cereal, gluten, and dietary fiber intake with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1D. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The prospective birth cohort Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study recruited children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from September 1996 to September 2004 from 2 university hospitals in Finland and followed up every 3 to 12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies, and T1D. Altogether 6081 infants (78% of those invited) participated in the study. Dietary data were available for 5714 children (94.0%) and dietary and IA data were available for 5545 children (91.2%), of whom 3762 (68%) had data on islet autoantibodies up to age 6 years. Information on T1D was available for all children. Data were analyzed in 2018 and end point data were updated in 2015. EXPOSURES Each child's intake of cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber was calculated from repeated 3-day food records up to 6 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Islet autoimmunity was defined as repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies and at least 1 biochemical autoantibody of 3 analyzed, or T1D. Data on the diagnosis of T1D were obtained from Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register. RESULTS Of 5545 children (2950 boys [53.2%]), 246 (4.4%) developed IA and of 5714 children (3033 boys [53.1%]), 90 (1.6%) developed T1D during the 6-year follow-up. Based on joint models, the intake of oats (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13), wheat (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.15), rye (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23), gluten-containing cereals (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11), gluten without avenin from oats (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.40-3.57), gluten with avenin (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.45-2.92), and dietary fiber (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.81) was associated with the risk of developing IA (HRs for 1 g/MJ increase in intake). The intake of oats (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and rye (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.41) was associated with the risk of developing T1D. After multiple testing correction, the associations with IA remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A high intake of oats, gluten-containing cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber was associated with an increased risk of IA. Further studies are needed to confirm or rule out the findings and study potential mechanisms.

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“…Exposure to probiotics in early infancy was found to decrease the risk of IA in the highest risk children [9], while use of hydrolyzed infant formula increased the risk of IA [13]. Intake of soluble fiber is not associated with IA [16]. We have reported differences in supplement use, diet, and feeding patterns by country, sociodemographic status, and diabetes status of the parents [68–71].…”

Section: Results In Major Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEDDY aims to identify environmental factors that trigger or protect against the development of IA and T1D. The uniquely intensive follow-up of TEDDY children has already evaluated a number of environmental triggers [8•, 9-16], gene variants [17–21], and gene-environment interactions involved in the appearance of islet autoantibodies [22•, 23, 24•] preceding T1D. Models emerging from current data suggest that either a variety of exposures act on a similar pathway or that there are multiple pathways leading to the destruction of beta-cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: 2018 Update

et al. 2018

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Purpose of Review The environmental triggers of islet autoimmunity leading to type 1 diabetes (T1D) need to be elucidated to inform primary prevention. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study follows from birth 8676 children with T1D risk HLA-DR-DQ genotypes in the USA, Finland, Germany, and Sweden. Most study participants (89%) have no first-degree relative with T1D. The primary outcomes include the appearance of one or more persistent islet autoantibodies (islet autoimmunity, IA) and clinical T1D. Recent Findings As of February 28,2018, 769 children had developed IA and 310 have progressed to T1D. Secondary outcomes include celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease. While the follow-up continues, TEDDY has already evaluated a number of candidate environmental triggers, including infections, probiotics, micronutrient, and microbiome. Summary TEDDY results suggest that there are multiple pathways leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Ongoing measurements of further specific exposures, gene variants, and gene-environment interactions and detailed “omics” studies will provide novel information on the pathogenesis of T1D.

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Dietary intake of soluble fiber and risk of islet autoimmunity by 5 y of age: results from the TEDDY study

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Dietary factors in the development of type 1 diabetes

Dietary factors in the development of type 1 diabetes

Association of Cereal, Gluten, and Dietary Fiber Intake With Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: 2018 Update

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