Dietary intakes and iron status of vegetarian and non-vegetarian children in selected communities in Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana

Osei-Boadi, K; Lartey, A; Marquis, GS; Colecraf, EK

doi:10.18697/ajfand.49.enam10

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Getting sufficient iron from non-hemiron sources can be a challenge. This is especially true considering that the iron requirements for vegetarians are about 1.8 times higher, compared to non-vegetarians [5][6][7]. Similar findings have been reported in various localities [2,[7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Estimation of Ferritin in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Female Medical College Students

BHARTIYA¹,

CHAUDHARY²,

Singh³

et al. 2022

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Iron stores in the body exist primarily in the form of ferritin. Iron deficiency anemia is the state where iron level is below normal, low transferrin saturation and ferritin as well as high iron binding capacity. National Family Health Survey-3 shows the prevalence of anemia in 56.2% of women of 15–49 year, 79.2% among children aged 6–35 months, 57.9% in pregnant women. Methods: 50 (apparently healthy female students of the medical college) were included in the study. Ferritin level was estimated by Advia Centaur XP Immunoassay System. Results: About 50% of non-vegetarian and about 79% of vegetarian were anemic. Ferritin level among non-vegetarians was significantly higher than vegetarians. Discussion: Although vegetarian lifestyle has great advantages, vegetarians do have a high risk of a deficiency of some nutrients, including iron. The most readily absorbed type of iron is hemiron which comes from meat, poultry, and fish. Furthermore, plant foods contain several iron-absorption inhibitors. Getting enough iron from non-hemiron sources can be a challenge. Iron requirements for vegetarians are about 1.8 times higher, compared to non-vegetarians. Conclusion: This form of malnutrition is most common and one of the leading causes of disease among girls and women in developing countries. Knowing about ferritin level will help understand iron status and thus avoiding the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Estimation of Ferritin in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Female Medical College Students

BHARTIYA¹,

CHAUDHARY²,

Singh³

et al. 2022

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…This study suggests that children and adolescents on a vegetarian or vegan diet might have an increased risk for depression [6]. A survey conducted on Turkish adolescents (17)(18)(19)(20)(21) found that vegetarians were more prone to depression, suicidal ideas, and substance use compared to nonvegetarian counterparts [48]. Santivanez-Romani et al [44] conducted a study on adolescents between the ages of 14-15 years and found no significant difference among emotional symptom scores between vegetarian and non-vegetarian adolescents.…”

Section: Psychological Statusmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Vegetarian children might also be at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency since 200 ml of milk and one egg per day provides approximately 2/3 of the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) value [2]. In the study, Osei-Boadi et al [20] conducted, vitamin B12 intakes of vegetarian Ghanaian children were much lower compared to non-vegetarian children based on 24-hr food recall. Severe vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms include fatigue, poor cognition, numbing of the fingers and toes, anorexia, megaloblastic anemia, failure to thrive [2].…”

Section: Vitamin B12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study Bryne [23] conducted on vegan and vegetarian children (4-8 years old), no significant difference was found for iron intakes. Osei-Boadi et al [20] conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate Ghanaian children's dietary intake and iron status (9 months-11 years old) following a vegetarian diet. Plasma ferritin levels were lower in vegetarian children compared to their non-vegetarian counterparts, but there was no difference in plasma transferrin receptor concentrations.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Çocukluk Döneminde Vejetaryen Beslenme Güvenli mi?

Yiğit¹,

Samur

2022

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi

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Vegetarianism is characterized by the exclusion of all animal flesh foods from the diet, including meat and fish. The more restricted form is a vegan diet that excludes all animal-derived food, including milk, dairy products, and eggs. During past decades questions have been raised about whether vegetarian diets are suitable during all stages of life and during the fast growth period. Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is a potentially modifiable risk factor as it is an important determinant of lifetime disease risk. Therefore, it is of great importance to encourage mothers to have adequate and balanced nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. Infancy, childhood, and adolescence are critical periods, and nutritional requirements become crucial to be met during this time. Children on vegetarian diets might be at risk of certain nutrient deficiencies such as n-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, iron, and zinc. Furthermore, the nutritional habits acquired during this period may influence dietary patterns and the risk of disease later in life. Most of the studies investigating the effect of vegetarian diets on children are outdated. There is a lot of controversy regarding the safety of vegetarian diets in childhood, and more longitudinal studies are needed. This review focuses on the effects of vegetarian diets in children and the health consequences of vegetarian diets.

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“…Twenty-three studies reported on nutrient status, of which three excluded supplement users. Most studies (n = 23) compared In 6 out of the 30 studies, some of the subjects were younger than two years [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Yet, these studies were included because the overall age range, or the reported mean/median age, suggested that the majority of children were older than two years.…”

Section: Study Selection and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Intake and Status in Children and Adolescents Consuming Plant-Based Diets Compared to Meat-Eaters: A Systematic Review

Neufingerl,

Eilander

2023

Nutrients

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Health authorities increasingly recommend sustainable and healthy diets rich in plant foods and with moderate amounts of animal foods. However, there are concerns about whether such diets can meet all nutrient requirements, especially in children and adolescents, who have relatively high nutrient needs for growth and development. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the nutrient intake and status of children and adolescents (2–18 y) consuming plant-based (i.e., vegetarian and vegan) diets compared to those of meat-eating children following a systematic literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2022. Mean intake and status data of nutrients were calculated across studies and benchmarked to dietary reference values and cut-off values for nutrient deficiencies. A total of 30 studies were included (15 in children 2–5 y, 24 in children 6–12 y, and 11 in adolescents 13–18 y). In all diets, there were risks of inadequate intakes of vitamin D and calcium. Children consuming meat had a risk of inadequate folate and vitamin E intake; and mean fiber, SAFA, and PUFA intakes were not in line with the recommendations. Children consuming plant-based diets risked inadequate vitamin B12, iron, and zinc intakes. In contrast to vegans, vegetarian children may not meet the recommended intakes of fiber, SAFA, and possibly PUFA, but their mean intakes were more favorable than in meat-eating children. Although the data are limited and need further validation, our findings indicate that there are risks of nutritional inadequacies in all diet groups. Therefore, increasing consumption of a variety of plant-based foods, in combination with food fortification and supplementation where needed, is recommended for children and adolescents to have sustainable and nutritionally adequate diets.

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Dietary intakes and iron status of vegetarian and non-vegetarian children in selected communities in Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of Ferritin in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Female Medical College Students

Estimation of Ferritin in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Female Medical College Students

Çocukluk Döneminde Vejetaryen Beslenme Güvenli mi?

Nutrient Intake and Status in Children and Adolescents Consuming Plant-Based Diets Compared to Meat-Eaters: A Systematic Review

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