Dietary Intakes of Geriatric Patients in Hospital

Evans, Elizabeth S.; Stock, Anne L.

doi:10.1159/000175315

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The mean daily intake of Ca in long-stay elderly patients (19.8 mmol for the whole group and 201 mmol for the six balance-study patients) is comparable with that obtained by dietary questionnaire or weighed record in other UK studies of hospitalized elderly subjects (varying from 19.0 to 21.9 mmol/d) (Evans & Stock, 1971;MacLellan et al 1975;Vir & Love, 1979), though the latter methods probably underestimate actual intake (Nelson et al 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of elderly inpatients: dietary intake, metabolic balance studies and biochemical status

et al. 1989

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~~The calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of a group of elderly inpatients was studied by use of duplicate meal analysis over a 5 d period and biochemical indices in twenty-one patients, and metabolic balance (5 d) in six of these. Mean daily Ca intake was lower than that of apparently healthy elderly subjects in metabolic equilibrium, although commensurate with present UK recommendations. Metabolic balance was negative for Ca. Mean daily M g intake was approximately half the US recommendation, and half the intake a t which metabolic balance has been observed in healthy elderly people. The five patients studied were in metabolic balance for Mg. Mean daily P intake was close to the UK recommendation, but negative metabolic balance was observed. The disparity between official recommendations for Ca intake, factors contributing to suboptimal Ca status, and measures that may improve Ca status in this group are discussed. Calcium : Magnesium : Phosphorus : Old age.Over the next decade in the UK there will be a 45 YO increase in the frailest section of the elderly population, those. aged 85 years and over (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1985). In 1984 over one-third of all general medical and surgical beds, and over one-quarter of orthopaedic beds were occupied by elderly patients (Department of Health and Social Security, 1986). Old age, intercurrent illness and hospital admission may threaten the nutritional adequacy of dietary intake, and the elderly should probably be considered as a separate group with regard to recommendations for nutrient intake (Schneider et al. 1986).The optimal level of calcium intake in the elderly is disputed, and its relative importance in the aetiology of osteoporosis, whether in the achievement of peak adult bone mass or the decline to critical levels in old age, is unknown. There are few studies of magnesium status in the elderly, despite the existence of a number of factors which might lead to deficiency. Little is known of the importance of differing levels of phosphorus in the diet, much of the published work relating to inter-relations with other elements.In an earlier study of the nutrient content of hospital meals we found that the amounts of Ca and P in the food and drink offered to elderly people contained more Ca and less Mg than current recommendations (Thomas et al. 1986). We now report values for actual intake measured by duplicate meal analysis in twenty-one elderly long-stay patients, together with metabolic balance information on six of this number. Our findings are discussed with regard to improving the nutritional status of these elements in this group of old people. P A T I E N T S A N D METHODSTwenty-one inpatients of a geriatric long-stay and rehabilitation unit (seventeen women and four men) mean age 81.7 (range 63-89) years, were studied. None of the patients smoked, eighteen were edentulous and eleven reported problems with ill-fitting dentures that 9 N U T 62

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of elderly inpatients: dietary intake, metabolic balance studies and biochemical status

et al. 1989

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“…Poor iron status is frequent in long-term patients (Justice et al, 1974;Vir & Love, 1979;Weinsier et al, 1979), and low iron intakes from hospital diets have often been documented (Evans & Stock, 1971;Todd et a]., 1984;Thomas et al, 1986;Laakkonen et al, 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of major and minor mineral elements in weekly diets of eleven Finnish hospitals

Sinisalo¹,

Kumpulainen²,

Paakki³

et al. 1989

J Human Nutrition Diet

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As part of the research programme of the Sub‐network on Trace Element Status in Foods and Diets of the FAO Cooperative Network on Trace Elements, the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo and Ni were determined in homogenized weekly diets collected from 11 hospitals throughout Finland. Samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry using certified reference materials to ensure analytical quality control. The average energy content of the diets was 8.6 MJ (2045 kcal). The average mineral concentrations were as follows: Na 0.45 g/MJ; K 0.49 g/MJ; Ca 160 mg/MJ; Mg 42 mg/MJ; Fe 1.6 mg/MJ; Zn 1.6 mg/MJ; Mn 0.70 mg/MJ; Cu 0.18 mg/MJ; Mo 12 μg/MJ; and Ni 14 μg/MJ. In conclusion, the quality of Finnish hospital diets with regard to major and minor mineral elements is acceptable with the exceptions of iron, zinc and copper, whose intake may be limited at low energy levels.

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“…It also predicted poor functional status and increased morbidity LOS, length-of-stay; TSF, triceps skinfold thickness; MAC, mid-arm circumference; BSF, biceps skinfold thickness; AMC, arm-muscle circumference. intakes of energy and protein were lowest among long-stay and rehabilitation patients (Evans & Stock, 1971). Proteinenergy malnutrition has also been found to be a strong predictor of in-hospital and 1-year post-discharge mortality in geriatric rehabilitation admissions including stroke patients (Sullivan & Walls, 1994;Sullivan et al 1995).…”

Section: Nutrition Status and Demands During Stroke Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nutritional factors in stroke

Gariballa

2000

Br J Nutr

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Observational studies support the role of modifying lifestyle-related risk factors such as diet, physical activity and alcohol use in stroke prevention. For example, increased Na intake is associated with hypertension, and reduction in salt consumption may significantly lower blood pressure and may reduce stroke mortality. Moderately elevated homocysteine levels may be associated with stroke and are associated with deficiency of dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. Consumption of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, folate, K, Ca, Mg, dietary fibre, fish and milk may protect against stroke. Regular physical activity may also protect against stroke through its role in controlling various risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. The role of fat intake as a risk factor for stroke remains uncertain, whereas the association between stroke and cholesterol has more convincingly been demonstrated by the recent intervention trials using statins. There is also evidence that a low serum albumin may be causally linked to stroke risk and outcome and that a significant number of stroke patients are undernourished on admission and their nutritional status deteriorates further whilst in hospital. Undernutrition is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and nutritional supplements may have some beneficial effect on some outcome measures.

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Dietary Intakes of Geriatric Patients in Hospital

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of elderly inpatients: dietary intake, metabolic balance studies and biochemical status

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of elderly inpatients: dietary intake, metabolic balance studies and biochemical status

Content of major and minor mineral elements in weekly diets of eleven Finnish hospitals

Nutritional factors in stroke

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