Dietary intakes of police department employees in a wellness program

Free-Living Dietary Intake in Tactical Personnel and Implications for Nutrition Practice: A Systematic Review

“…All included studies were published between 1990 and 2020. They involved military personnel (n = 16) [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], law enforcement personnel (n = 4) [26,[58][59][60], or firefighters (n = 2) [61,62], and were from a…”

“…All included studies were published between 1990 and 2020. They involved military personnel (n = 16) [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], law enforcement personnel (n = 4) [26,[58][59][60], or firefighters (n = 2) [61,62], and were from a range of countries, including the United States of America (USA) (n = 9) [26,[42][43][44][50][51][52]54,62], Israel (n = 3) [46,47,57], the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 2) [53,59], Italy [55], Belgium [48], Brazil [58], Canada [60], Cameroon [49], Thailand [45], Iran [56], and Australia [61] (n = 1). Most studies reported both male and female data [26,46,47,…”

“…The mean age of participants in the included studies ranged from 19 (±1) to 43 (±7) years (Table 2). BMI was reported in 16 studies [45][46][47][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62], was able to be calculated in three studies [42][43][44], and was not re-ported or able to be calculated in three studies [26,48,49]. Available BMI data for females ranged from 23 (±3) to 26 (±5) kg/m 2 and males ranged from 22 (±4) to 30 (±3) kg/m 2 (Table 2).…”

“…Methods for dietary assessment used in the included studies include food frequency checklist or questionnaire [42,44,[46][47][48][49][50][51]55,56,62], 24 h recall [42,54,57,58,61], 3-day food record [43,45], 4-day food record [48,53], 7-day food record [26,59], various nutrition and lifestyle questionnaires [49,52,54], and photographs of food [58,60].…”

“…A recent cross-sectional study reported that law enforcement personnel place high importance on consuming nutritious food, food high in vitamins and minerals, and that have a high protein content [20]. To the authors knowledge, several other studies have documented tactical personnel's' free-living dietary intake [15,19,[24][25][26][27]. However, synthesizing current evidence to inform macronutrient requirements and broader nutrition strategies for tactical occupations would be beneficial.…”