Dietary intakes of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in Finland

Kiviranta, Hannu; Hallikainen, Anja; Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena; Kumpulainen, Jorma; Vartiainen, Terttu

doi:10.1080/02652030110057134

Cited by 78 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The levels found are similar to of the levels reported by the other European countries (Table 1) (Kiviranta et al, 2001;Schmid et al, 2002;Fernandez et al, 2004;Papadopoulus et al, 2004;Baars et al, 2004;Gomara et al, 2005;Fattore et al, 2006;Tard et al, 2007) ). The cow cheese samples were divided according to their country of origin, resulting in four composite samples.…”

Section: Levels Of Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs In Belgian Foodsupporting

confidence: 77%

Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tThe World Health Organization recommends assessing human exposure to contaminants on a regular basis. In order to assess the current dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs and to update exposure estimates of 2000-2001, a total diet study was designed. The mean dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the Belgian adult population in 2008 was estimated to be 0.72 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 (middle bound concentrations, TEF of 1998) based on occurrence data of 2008 and national food consumption data of 2004. This value is clearly below the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) of 14 pg TEQ kgbw À1 week À1 set by the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission and below the provisional tolerable monthly intake of 70 pg TEQ kgbw À1 month À1 set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Considering the cumulative distribution, the intake was less than 1 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 for more than 80% of the population, and less than 2 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 for the entire population. When using the 2005 TEF instead of the 1998 TEF, the mean dietary intake in the Belgian adult population was estimated to be 0.61 pg TEQ kgbw À1 d À1 .

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Section: Levels Of Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs In Belgian Foodsupporting

confidence: 77%

Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population

et al. 2010

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“…Dioxin and PCB intake in most countries is almost exclusively from diet, mostly via animal fat (Liem et al, 2000;Hallikainen and Vartiainen, 1997;Kiviranta et al, 2001Kiviranta et al, , 2004Knutsen et al, 2011). Human consumption of fat is variable, but the average in Finland in 2002 was estimated at 87 g/day in males and 59 g/day in females (Männistö et al, 2003), resulting in 22-33 kg/year and 1300-1800 kg during adult lifetime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was interpreted as indicating carry-over from higher intake levels in the past (Tuomisto et al, 2004). Decreasing concentrations have in fact been clearly shown by actual measurements of PCDD/F and PCB levels in the population (Kiviranta et al, 1999;Lignell et al, 2009), as well as in various food items in Finland (Kiviranta et al, 2001) and in other countries (Liem et al, 2000). On this background, we have now modeled the kinetics of relevant PCDD/Fs using general laws of pharmacokinetics and compared the theoretical behavior of the compounds to measured values on population level and in some specific groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pharmacokinetic analysis and dietary information are necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis on persistent organic pollutants causing type 2 diabetes

et al. 2016

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Dioxins with long half-lives accumulate throughout the entire lifetime. Pharmacokinetic models predict the measured concentrations in populations. Dioxin concentrations in the body are predicted by age, animal source food and BMI. Dioxins may confound the role of ample animal source food in causing diseases. Diet and kinetics are vital in claiming causal roles of persistent pollutants in diseases. A number of studies have found an association between the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POP) and type 2 diabetes. Causality has remained uncertain. This study describes the pharmacokinetic behavior of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) both in a theoretical model based on elimination rate constants, and in a group of 409 adult surgical patients with known PCDD/F concentrations and dietary information. A model assuming 10% annual decrease in past PCDD/F intake, predicted the measured profile of TEQ (toxic equivalents) in the patient population fairly well. The dominant determinant of PCDD/F level was age, and the level in patients was also associated with consumption of animal source products. Predicted daily intakes correlated with diet, but also with body mass index (BMI), indicating that high BMI was preceded by high consumption of foods containing PCDD/Fs. The results suggest that a third factor, e.g. high intake of animal source foods, could explain both higher levels of POPs in the body and higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, and BMI is not sufficient in describing the confounding caused by diet. Thus, to fully address the causality between POPs and type 2 diabetes, careful studies considering the pharmacokinetics of the studied compounds, and including the analysis of food consumption, are needed.

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“…The impact of fish and fish products on the intake of PCDD/Fs was considerably higher in Finland than in many other countries (2). A re-evaluation of the PCDD/F daily intake in Finland was conducted in 2000 (3). The contribution of fish and fish products to the daily PCDD/F intake had risen to 80%, mainly because of the decrease in the concentrations of these pollutants in cow milk and eggs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in fishermen in Finland.

Kiviranta

Vartiainen

Tuomisto

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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We measured plasma concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fishermen from the Finnish Baltic Sea area and fishermen fishing in inland lakes. The concentrations clearly correlated with the frequency of fish meals and consumption of Baltic fatty fish. The body burden of PCDD/Fs reached the median level of 170 pg/g toxic equivalents (I-TEq) in fat for Baltic Sea fishermen, with the maximum being 420 pg/g. Results for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (range = 4.9-110 pg/g fat) showed that lifetime exposure in a population consuming much Baltic fatty fish can reach the levels of exposures seen in Seveso, Italy, in 1976. After we summed the PCB-TEqs, the total median exposure of Baltic Sea fishermen increased to 290 pg/g TEq in fat, and the highest concentration was 880 pg/g. There was a noted individual variation in fishermen's PCDD/F congener patterns, and it was possible to associate this variation with congener patterns of PCDD/Fs in the fish species that the fisherman reported they had consumed. Linear regression models for ln WHO(PCDD/F)-TEq, ln WHO(PCB)-TEq, and ln total WHO-TEq, from the World Health Organization, explained 48%, 60%, and 53% of the variability, respectively. Age was the only significant predictor of ln WHO(PCDD/F)-TEq, whereas age, amount of fish eaten, and place of residence were significant predictors of ln WHO(PCB)-TEq, and ln total WHO-TEq.

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Dietary intakes of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in Finland

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population

Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population

A pharmacokinetic analysis and dietary information are necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis on persistent organic pollutants causing type 2 diabetes

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in fishermen in Finland.

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