Dietary lipid levels affect lipoprotein clearance, fatty acid transport, lipogenesis and lipolysis at the transcriptional level in muscle and adipose tissue of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Abstract

To investigate the effect of dietary lipid levels on lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), fish (average body weight 150.0 g) were fed to one of three diets with a low (6%), moderate (12%, the control diet) or high (18%) crude lipid level for 10 weeks. The expression of genes related to lipoprotein clearance (lpl, ldlr, lrp1 and srbi), fatty acid transport (cd36, fatp1, fabp3 and fabp11), lipogenesis (fas and dgat2) and lipolysis (atgl, cpt1 and aco) in muscle and adipose tissue was analysed. In muscle of fish fed the low‐lipid diet, the expression of lpl, lrp1, fas, dgat2 and atgl was significantly downregulated, whereas fabp3 and fabp11 were significantly upregulated compared with those fed the control diet. In muscle of fish fed the high‐lipid diet, the expression of lpl, ldlr, lrp1, cd36, fabp3, fas and dgat2 was significantly decreased, while fabp11 expression was significantly increased compared with those fed the control diet. Compared with the control group, only a significant downregulation of fabp3 expression in adipose tissue was observed in the low‐lipid group. In the high‐lipid group compared with the control group, the expression of ldlr, fabp11, dgat2, atgl and aco in adipose tissue was significantly upregulated, whereas cpt1 expression in adipose tissue was significantly downregulated. These results indicated that the expression of the selected key genes related to lipid metabolism was tissue‐specific regulation by dietary lipid levels in large yellow croaker.

Effects of nutritional status and diet composition on fatty acid transporters expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Here, in contrast to the liver and intestine, CD36, FATP1‐b, FATP2 and FATP4 expression in the muscle were reduced by increasing dietary lipid. Pervious study indicated that high‐lipid diet could induce a decrease in beta‐oxidation in the muscle of large yellow croaker (Yan et al, ) and rats (Hancock et al, ). Moreover, the beta‐oxidation in salmon is affected by the fatty acid available and probably regulated at the level of fatty acid uptake (Torstensen & Stubhaug, ).…”

“…In fish, a protein‐mediated fatty acid uptake has also been characterized in trout (Richars, Bonen, Heigenhauser, & Wood, ), salmon (Zhou, Stubhaug, & Torstensen, ) and grass carp (Zhou et al, ). Furthermore, CD36 and FATP1 have been identified and proposed to facilitate the cellular uptake of fatty acids in several fish species, such as salmon (Sánchez‐Gurmaches et al, ), trout (Sánchez‐Gurmaches, Cruz‐Garcia, Gutiérrez, & Navarro, ), tilapia (He et al, ), large yellow croaker (Yan, Liao, Mai, & Ai, ) and silver pomfret (Liao et al, ). And very recently, FATP4 and FATP6 presence have been assessed in Japanese seabass, and were supposed to be function as fatty acid transporters (Xu et al, ).…”

“…Driven by the protein‐sparing effect of lipids and the limited supply of fish oil (FO), high‐lipid and vegetable oil‐based diets are commonly used in aquaculture. Many studies have demonstrated that the extensive use of high‐lipid and vegetable oil‐based diets in aquaculture usually leads to changes in fish lipid metabolism (Stubhaug, Tocher, Bell, Dick, & Torstensen, ; Yan et al, ). As the basis of intracellular lipid metabolism, however, fatty acid uptake in fish fed the high‐lipid and vegetable oil‐based diet has received little attention.…”

“…As the basis of intracellular lipid metabolism, however, fatty acid uptake in fish fed the high‐lipid and vegetable oil‐based diet has received little attention. There is evidence that a high‐lipid diet decreases CD36 and FATP1 mRNA expression in the liver (Yan et al, ) and muscle (Yan et al, ) of large yellow croaker. Moreover, the expression of fatty acid transporters (CD36 and FATP1) and fatty acid uptake appears to be regulated by dietary fatty acids in Atlantic salmon (Stubhaug et al, ; Torstensen, Nanton, Olsvik, Sundvold, & Stubhaug, ).…”

The effects of high‐macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) diets on growth performance and muscular metabolic responses in grass carp

“…In present study, HC diet down‐regulated, but HF and HP diets did not affect the muscular lpl mRNA expression. The opposite results were observed in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Tian, Wu, et al, 2015) and large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) (Yan, Liao, Mai, & Ai, 2017), and these results suggested that LPL maybe not the marked protein for regulation lipid deposition in muscle.…”