Dietary Lipid Supplementation Could Significantly Affect the Growth, Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of PPARα, Leptin, and Adiponectin Genes in Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of different dietary lipid levels on the growth performance, fatty acids and their relative enzymes, and expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα), leptin, and adiponectin genes in juvenile genetic improvement farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Six groups of the juveniles with 40 d of age in triplicate are fed for 90 d using six iso‐nitrogen (34 g/100 g dietary protein) diets with different lipid levels: 0.35 (control), 3.35, 6.35, 9.35, 12.35, and 15.35 g/100 g adjusted by adding fish oil. It is concluded that the greatest effect is found in the diet with 9.35 g/100 g of lipid, which is the optimal dietary lipid in the experiment and can be applied in developing the optimal diet for juvenile GIFT tilapia to promote the development of tilapia aquaculture industry. Practical Applications: It is found that the diets with lipid supplementation can significantly influence the expression of PPARα, leptin, and adiponectin genes of juvenile GIFT tilapia and recognized that dietary lipid supplementation can significantly affect their growth performance, fatty acids, and relative enzymes. The greatest effect is found in the diet with 9.35 g/100 g of lipid, which is the optimal dietary lipid in the experiment. The findings can be applied in developing the optimal diet for juvenile GIFT tilapia, which will promote considerably the development of tilapia aquaculture industry.

The Effect of Dietary Lipid Supplementation on the Serum Biochemistry, Antioxidant Responses, Initial Immunity, and mTOR Pathway of Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…The pellet feed was dried in the drying oven at 60 • C, then placed in the sealed plastic bags and stored at −20 • C. The composition of the experimental diets for juvenile tilapia is shown in Table 1. The fatty acids in the diets were determined using a gas chromatograph (GC, Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) following the method of Ding et al [3]. Briefly, the fatty acids were determined as follows: First, the lipid was extracted and purified.…”

“…Lipid not only provides energy for fish but also serves as an important component of their bodies [2]. However, both excessive and insufficient levels of dietary lipid supplementation can have inhibitory effects on growth, development, and disease resistance [3]. The serum physiological and biochemical indicators of fish are closely related to their nutritional status, metabolism, and diseases [4,5].…”