Dietary lysine and threonine requirements of the pregnant sow estimated by nitrogen balance

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine the lysine and threonine requirements of gestating sows. In the first experiment, four levels of lysine (0.34,0.42,0.48, and 0.56% crude lysine, and 0.24,0.31, 0.38, and 0.45% standardized ileal digestible lysine) were compared in eight multiparous Large White sows. Each sow received successively the four diets according to a Latin-square experimental design. Nitrogen balance was measured over 11 d after a 10-d period of adaptation to the experimental diet. In the second experiment, four threonine/lysine ratios (0.63, 0.73, 0.80, and 0.89 on a crude basis and 0.61, 0.71, 0.77, and 0.87 on a standardized ileal digestible amino acid basis) were compared in 16 multiparous sows, according to a Latin-square experimental design. The standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in the experimental diets was determined with ileo-rectal anastomized growing pigs. In the first experiment, nitrogen retention was affected by lysine supply (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.04). Nitrogen retention was lowest for treatment 1 (8.0 g/ d) and highest for treatments 3 and 4 that did not differ. Nitrogen retention plateaued at 14.7 g/d in sows consuming 10.5 g/d of digestible lysine. The maintenance requirement for digestible lysine was calculated to be 27 mg/kg BW(0.75) with an efficiency of utilization of digestible lysine above maintenance at 59%. In the second experiment, nitrogen retention was affected (P < 0.03) by the threonine:lysine ratio. It was lower for the lowest threonine:lysine ratio (0.63) than for the other three treatments that did not differ among each other. These results indicate that the optimal standardized digestible threonine:lysine ratio appears to be about 0.71 for multiparous gestating sows.

Lysine requirement for maintenance in growing pigs

“…Estimates for lysine maintenance requirement by Fuller et al (1989), Heger et al (2002), Roth et al (2003), and Dourmad and Étienne (2002) (Table 4) related to BW 0.75 agree well despite the fact that BW varied to a large extent and methods applied were not identical. However, in the present study an almost two-fold higher lysine maintenance requirement was determined, which was also observed in an earlier study (Susenbeth et al, 1999).…”

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

“…The reason why and how feed intake is affected by a deficient amino acid supply is not fully elucidated. At a constant feed intake, a deficient amino acid supply often results in a reduction in N retention (Dourmad and Etienne, 2002). In the factorial approach of amino acid utilization, protein and amino acid retention are the result of the maintenance amino acid requirement, the efficiency with which the supply of absorbed amino acids (above maintenance) can be retained, and the amino acid composition of retained protein.…”

Impact of nutrition on nitrogen, phosphorus, Cu and Zn in pig manure, and on emissions of ammonia and odours

“…Further improvements could be achieved with the use of multiphase feeding during pregnancy. Indeed, the protein requirement is much lower during the early pregnancy compared with later pregnancy (Dourmad and Étienne, 2002). In fattening pigs, Latimier and Dourmad (1993) measured about 10% reduction in slurry N when different diets were applied during the growing and finishing periods, compared to feeding the same diet during both periods (Fig.…”