Dietary macronutrient content, age-specific mortality and lifespan

Abstract

Protein and calorie restrictions extend median lifespan in many organisms. However, studies suggest that among-individual variation in the age at death is also affected. Ultimately, both of these outcomes must be caused by effects of nutrition on underlying patterns of age-specific mortality (ASM). Using model life tables, we tested for effects of dietary macronutrients on ASM in mice (Mus musculus). High concentrations of protein and fat relative to carbohydrates were associated with low life expectancy and high variation in the age at death, a result caused predominantly by high mortality prior to middle age. A lifelong diet comprising the ratio of macronutrients self-selected by mouse (in early adulthood) was associated with low mortality up until middle age, but higher late-life mortality. This pattern results in reasonably high life expectancy, but very low variation in the age at death. Our analyses also indicate that it may be possible to minimize ASM across life by altering the ratio of dietary protein to carbohydrate in the approach to old age. Mortality in early and middle life was minimized at around one-part protein to two-parts carbohydrate, whereas in later life slightly greater than equal parts protein to carbohydrate reduced mortality.royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb Proc. R. Soc. B 286: 20190393

Proportions of macronutrients, including specific dietary fats, in prospective anti-Alzheimer’s diet

“…The only proof of this concept are the rational results obtained as the output of the “Calculator” e.g. reasonable predictions of prophylactic diet supported by the results of other studies 1,2,6,7,20,23,24,26,27 . Besides that, the main limitation of our studies are the input data of macronutrient availabilities.…”

“…This reasoning is endorsed by the results of Senior et al . 23 who found that at old age mice need higher protein intake than in the early and mid-life. It is interesting to compare the protein/carbohydrates ratio optimal for the lowest mortality and risk of death from AD, for old age mice in 23 and our results for humans of old age.…”

Mice Lacking the Intestinal and Renal Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A19 Demonstrate the Relationship between Dietary Protein Intake and Amino Acid Malabsorption

“…We previously showed that ablation of SLC6A19 generated a metabolic phenotype similar to that achieved by dietary protein restriction [28,32]. BCAAs, namely, methionine and threonine, were investigated as candidate amino acids, representing the main drivers of improved metabolic health [7,43,44]. Notably, these amino acids are all substrates of SLC6A19 [30].…”

“…Restriction of dietary protein or of specific amino acids has been proposed as a potential treatment for metabolic syndrome [1,2]. Chronic protein restriction has long been associated with an array of beneficial metabolic responses, such as enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced body weight, increased energy expenditure, and longevity [3,4,5,6,7,8]. The metabolic hormone FGF21 is important for the mediation of beneficial metabolic responses to protein restriction [9,10,11,12,13,14], but the extent of its contribution is still unknown [15].…”

Dieta jako czynnik ryzyka choroby Alzheimera

“…Okazuje się, że w badaniach na myszach inne proporcje są optymalne w okresie rozrodczym, a inne dla wydłużenia życia i okresu zdrowia [8][9][10][11]. W okresie rozrodczym ilość spożywanego białka w stosunku do węglowodanów powinna być większa.…”