Dietary Magnesium and Chronic Disease

Nielsen, Forrest H.

doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2017.11.005

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Magnesium deficiency results in impaired in psychiatric disorders, hypertension, and insulin resistance, among others. It has also been reported that magnesium prevents infections by enhancing immunity and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

et al. 2020

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Background: Magnesium is a mineral that modulates several physiological processes. However, its relationship with intestinal microbiota has been scarcely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of dietary magnesium content to modulate the intestinal microbiota of Wistar male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned one of three diets: a control diet (C-Mg; 1000 mg/kg), a low magnesium content diet (L-Mg; 60 mg/kg), and a high magnesium content diet (H-Mg; 6000 mg/kg), for two weeks. After treatment, fecal samples were collected. Microbiota composition was assessed by sequencing the V3–V4 hypervariable region. Results: The C-Mg and L-Mg groups had more diversity than H-Mg group. CF231, SMB53, Dorea, Lactobacillus and Turibacter were enriched in the L-Mg group. In contrast, the phyla Proteobacteria, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Victivallis were overrepresented in the H-Mg group. PICRUSt analysis indicated that fecal microbiota of the L-Mg group were encoded with an increased abundance of metabolic pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. Conclusion: Dietary magnesium supplementation can result in intestinal dysbiosis development in a situation where there is no magnesium deficiency. Conversely, low dietary magnesium consumption is associated with microbiota with a higher capacity to harvest energy from the diet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, it has been estimated that 40%-50% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) [14][15][16]. Although it is problematic to find good indicators of so-called magnesium deficiency in organisms [14,[17][18][19][20], a number of studies have been undertaken to reveal the percentage of the population that presents hypomagnesemia and its negative repercussions on health [20][21][22][23]. Many studies carried out on various populations have generally supported the protective role that magnesium plays when faced with different human health problems [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

et al. 2020

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Several studies have shown that a low magnesium (Mg) intake in the diet is associated with greater cardiovascular risk and greater risk of diabetes. However, the results are not consistent in all populations. To minimize the biases derived from diet measurement, more objective biomarkers of magnesium status have been proposed. Although there is still no ideal biomarker for Mg, several studies have shown that plasma Mg concentrations could be a relatively acceptable biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment. However, further studies are required to better characterize this marker in different populations. Our aim was to analyze the association between plasma Mg concentrations (measured through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) methods, and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals from a general Mediterranean population (aged 18–80 years). The influence of demographic and lifestyle variables, including adherence to the Mediterranean diet, on plasma Mg concentrations was analyzed. The mean Mg level of the population studied was 0.77 ± 0.08 mmol/L, the prevalence of hypomagnesemia (<0.70 mmol/L) being 18.6%. We did not find any statistically significant differences between plasma Mg concentrations and sex, age, tobacco smoking and total adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p > 0.05). We found a statistically significant association between plasma Mg concentrations and the prevalence of type-2 diabetes (0.77 ± 0.08 mmol/L in non-diabetics versus 0.73 ± 0.13 mmol/L in diabetics; p = 0.009). Despite the low prevalence of type-2 diabetes in this population (11.24% in subjects with hypomagnesemia versus 3.91%, in normomagnesemia; p = 0.005), hypomagnesemia was associated with greater odds of being diabetic in comparison with normomagnesemia (OR = 3.36; p = 0.016, even after adjustment for sex, age, obesity, and medications). On the other hand, no statistically significant association of plasma Mg concentrations with obesity, hypertension, fasting triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol or uric acid was found. However, in contrast to what was initially expected, a statistically significant association was found between plasma Mg concentrations (basically in the highest quartile) and greater total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results contribute to increasing the evidence gathered by numerous studies on the inverse association between hypomagnesemia and type-2 diabetes, as well as to the observation, previously reported in some studies, of a direct association with hypercholesterolemia. This paradoxical link should be deeply investigated in further studies.

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“…In recent years, researches have shown that alterations in Mg 2+ homeostasis, a result of the inadequacy of consumption or the moderate or severe deficiency of this mineral, in animal or in vitro and human models, can result in inflammation. Mg 2+ deficiency frequently results in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) pathway activation in immune cells with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and it is related to the development of chronic diseases [ 1 ]. The number of experimental studies that demonstrated how Mg 2+ deficiency alters the functioning of cells from hematopoietic origin are uncountable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis

Lima

Fock

2020

IJMS

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Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.

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Dietary Magnesium and Chronic Disease

Cited by 49 publications

References 56 publications

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population

A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis

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