Dietary Manganese Exposure in the Adult Population in Germany—What Does it Mean in Relation to Health Risks?

Abstract

Manganese is both an essential nutrient and a potential neurotoxicant. Therefore, the question arises whether the dietary manganese intake in the German population is on the low or high side. Results from a pilot total diet study in Germany presented here reveal that the average dietary manganese intake in the general population in Germany aged 14–80 years is about 2.8 mg day−1 for a person of 70 kg body weight. This exposure level is within the intake range of 2–5 mg per person and day as recommended by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. No information on the dietary exposure of children in Germany can be provided so far. Although reliable information on health effects related to oral manganese exposure is limited, there is no indication from the literature that these dietary intake levels are associated with adverse health effects either by manganese deficiency or excess. However, there is limited evidence that manganese taken up as a highly bioavailable bolus, for example, uptake via drinking water or food supplements, could pose a potential risk to human health—particularly in certain subpopulations—when certain intake amounts, which are currently not well defined, are exceeded.

Manganese intake from foods and beverages is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes

“…Based on the biological justification of sex differences in manganese metabolism [5,19] the analyses of the manganese/type 2 diabetes were presented for men and women separately. Sexspecific daily manganese intakes were divided into quartiles and the sex-specific age-adjusted trends of participants' characteristics across the increasing quartiles of manganese intake were tested by logistic regression for proportions and linear regression for mean values.…”

“…Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between dietary manganese and risk of type 2 diabetes using the data of the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study. Because there was an evidence of sex differences in the manganese absorption rate, manganese blood levels and biological half-time of manganese, in favor of women than men [19], we hypothesized that dietary manganese intake could be associated with the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, especially among women.…”

Synergistic effect of docosahexaenoic acid or conjugated linoleic acid with caffeic acid on ameliorating oxidative stress of HepG2 cells

“…Previous studies showed that DHA and CLA exerted biological effects through active transport absorption mediated by membrane transporters (de Gaetano et al., 2015; Wong et al., 2016). Increasing intake of DHA and CLA has been recommended by dietary guidelines in the United States, Germany, and Brazil (Dwyer, 2012; Sachse et al., 2019; Sarma et al., 2016).…”

Characterisation of Elastomers as Food Contact Materials–Part 1: Quantification of Extractable Compounds, Swelling of Elastomers in Food Simulants and Release of Elements

“…EFSA has proposed an adequate daily intake of 3 mg/day for adults [31]. The average dietary exposure amounts to 2.8 mg for a 70 kg person [32]. Intoxications with manganese cause symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease.…”