Dietary modulation of gut microbiota for the relief of irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in the stool form or frequency without any structural changes and overt inflammation. It is not a life-threatening condition but causes a considerable level of discomfort and distress. Among the many pathophysiologic factors, such as altered GI motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and low-grade mucosal inflammation, as well as other immunologic, psychologic, and genetic factors, gut microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis), which is frequently found in IBS, has been highlighted as an etiology of IBS. Dysbiosis may affect gut mucosal homeostasis, immune function, metabolic regulation, and even visceral motor function. As diet is shown to play a fundamental role in the gut microbiota profile, this review discusses the influence of diet on IBS occurring through the modulation of gut microbiota. Based on previous studies, it appears that dietary modulation of the gut microbiota may be effective for the alleviation of IBS symptoms and, also an effective IBS management strategy based on the underlying mechanism; especially because, IBS currently has no specific treatment owing to its uncertain etiology.

Consumption of Yoghurt and Other Dairy Products and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Iran: The IROPICAN Study

“…Conversely, a study conducted among 3846 Iranians, including 824 affected by irritable bowel syndrome, reported a tendency of avoiding the intake of dough due to the occurrence of GI symptoms compared to controls [55]. Despite this not being directly in support of a role in disease induction, the study may imply a negative effect of dough on the gut microbiota with the possibility of symptoms outburst and may also suggest an interrelation between dough consumption, microbiota, and mucosal health [56].…”

Recent Advances in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disease

“…Although the exact aetiology of IBS has not yet been elucidated, 23 both diet and gut dysbiosis appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of this condition. 17,26,27 Crucillà presented results from a pilot study conducted in Italy that aimed to observe the effects of a Mediterranean diet on gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in gut microbiota in patients with constipationpredominant IBS (IBS-C).…”

Nutritional Contributions and Health Associations of Traditional Fermented Foods

“…IBS's etiology is still unknown; however, several factors have been associated with this disease, such as poor eating habits, stress, and alterations in intestinal microbiota [172,173]. IBS is characterized by abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or both, in addition to having other symptoms such as abdominal distention, bloating, flatulence, and urge to defecate, which can significantly affect people's life quality [174,175]. These symptoms have also been associated with the consumption of oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and fermentable polyols (FODMAPs), which exist in fruits (melon, pear, apple), dairy products, rye, wheat, artichoke, garlic, onions, broccoli, mushrooms, cauliflower, and artificial sweeteners [176,177].…”