Dietary Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Promote Aortic Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor–Null, Human ApoB100–Overexpressing Transgenic Mice

Rudel, Lawrence L.; Kelley, Kathryn L.; Sawyer, Janet K.; Shah, Ramesh; Wilson, Martha D.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.18.11.1818

Cited by 168 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This relatively high ratio would be considered favorable for reducing blood cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease [32]. Moreover, the results of our study indicate that the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acid in hemp seeds is 3/1, this results were in accordance with this reported in the literature [21,30], which is widely regarded as a ratio highly beneficial to human health [14,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Hemp seed oil: Chemical characterization of three non-drug varieties cultivated in Morocco

Bouayoun¹,

Stambouli²,

zoubi³

et al. 2018

J App Biol Biotech

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Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seed oil is known for their food use, is the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids from hemp seeds that would make these interesting products. The yield and the chemical characterization of three varieties of non-drugs hemp oil cultivated in Morocco were determined. Three varieties were used, namely, Santhica 27, Futura 75, and Epsilon 68 listed in the French and European catalogs. The chemical composition of all varieties from hemp oils was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The oil content of the hemp seeds ranged between 30.45% and 34.93%. Among the 09 detected fatty acids, a high level of linoleic acid (omega-6) was recorded between 56.71 ± 0.1% and 57.70 ± 0.1%, α-linolenic acid (omega-3) ranged from 13.66 ± 0.04% to 14.80 ± 0.06%, and the oleic acid ranged from 12.80 ± 0.04% to 13.30 ± 0.03%. Moreover, palmitic, stearic, and arachidic acids contents varied between 7.32 ± 0.02% (Futura 75) to 7.70 ± 0.03% (Santhica 27), 2.40 ± 0.02% (Futura 75) to 2.60 ± 0.04% (Epsilon 68), and 0.9% for all varieties, respectively. These results show that the hemp seeds cultivated in Morocco could be used as a source of food, characterized by high nutritional value.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Hemp seed oil: Chemical characterization of three non-drug varieties cultivated in Morocco

Bouayoun¹,

Stambouli²,

zoubi³

et al. 2018

J App Biol Biotech

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“…The [ 14 C]taurocholic acid was obtained from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St. Louis), and the [ 3 H]H 2 O was from Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences. [26,26,26,27,27, H 6 ]cholesterol and [2,2,4,4,6-2 H 5 ]campesterol͞sitosterol (40:60) were purchased from Medical Isotope (Pelham, NH). Deuterated cholestanol, campestanol, and sitostanol were synthesized by hydrogenation of the deuterated sterols using microwaves (17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of Abcg5 and Abcg8 in mice reveals their crucial role in biliary cholesterol secretion

Hammer

Li-Hawkins

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

649

605

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Cholesterol and other sterols exit the body primarily by secretion into bile. In patients with sitosterolemia, mutations in either of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) half-transporters, ABCG5 or ABCG8, lead to reduced secretion of sterols into bile, implicating these transporters in this process. To elucidate the roles of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in the trafficking of sterols, we disrupted Abcg5 and Abcg8 in mice (G5G8 ؊/؊ ). The G5G8 ؊/؊ mice had a 2-to 3-fold increase in the fractional absorption of dietary plant sterols, which was associated with an Ϸ30-fold increase in plasma sitosterol. Biliary cholesterol concentrations were extremely low in the G5G8 ؊/؊ mice when compared with wild-type animals (mean ‫؍‬ 0.4 vs. 5.5 mol͞ml) and increased only modestly with cholesterol feeding. Plasma and liver cholesterol levels were reduced by 50% in the chow-fed G5G8 ؊/؊ mice and increased 2.4-and 18-fold, respectively, after cholesterol feeding. These data indicate that ABCG5 and ABCG8 are required for efficient secretion of cholesterol into bile and that disruption of these genes increases dramatically the responsiveness of plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels to changes in dietary cholesterol content.ATP-binding cassette transporters ͉ sitosterolemia ͉ bile ͉ knockout mice S itosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of plant and animal sterols in blood and tissues (1, 2). Affected subjects with this disorder develop large deposits of cholesterol in their skin, tendons, and coronary arteries. The accumulation of plant and animal sterols in the blood is caused by an increase in the fractional absorption of sterols from the diet and a decrease in the secretion of sterols into the bile, which is the major route of exit of sterols from the body (3, 4).A striking feature of sitosterolemia is the precipitous fall in plasma cholesterol that follows reductions in dietary cholesterol intake, especially in young patients (5, 6). When normal individuals are switched from a high cholesterol, high fat diet to a low cholesterol, low fat diet, plasma levels of cholesterol fall Ϸ10-20%; in patients with sitosterolemia, plasma cholesterol can fall by Ͼ45% (5, 6). The hypercholesterolemia of sitosterolemia is also sensitive to treatment with bile-acid resins, which stimulate the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, another pathway for removal of cholesterol from the body.The pathognomonic feature of sitosterolemia is the elevation in plasma sitosterol, the most abundant plant sterol (1). Sitosterolemic patients also accumulate other sterols in plasma including a variety of plant sterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, and avenasterol) and shellfish sterols (brassicasterol, 24-methylene cholesterol, and 22-dehydrocholesterol) (1, 7). In normal individuals these sterols are poorly absorbed and preferentially secreted into the bile (8-10). These sterols comprise only Ϸ1% of plasma and tissue sterols in normal individuals but Ϸ15% of circulating and tissue sterols in sitosterolemia (11).Studies of sitoste...

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“…The degree of mouse atherosclerosis can also be accurately obtained by the cholesterol quantification mentioned above (17,19,20), which is highly sensitive for the detection of early and advanced atherosclerosis lesions, but misses the identification of the lesion location and complexity, so critical for humans (19) in whom lesions are better measured by cross-sectional aortic histology (19,24). Although extremely laborious, the latter is sensitive enough to distinguish premature from advanced lesions.…”

Section: Methods Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These premature lesions, indicated by the arrows, could only be identified by cross-sectional analysis and not by the en face aortic examination. www.bjournal.com.br tabolism, either in plasma or in cell culture, may be influenced by differences in fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester component of the LDL particles (17,21,26). Consequently, although similar arterial cholesteryl ester contents may be found in the experimental groups, the complexity of the atherosclerotic lesion may differ significantly.…”

Section: Methods Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipids from the aortic intima and media preparation are then extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1) using 5 α-cholestane as an internal standard and total, free and esterified cholesterol concentrations are quantified either by gas-liquid chromatography (16) or by commercially available enzymatic kits. In the latter, the first step is carried out only with cholesterol oxidase for the measurement of unesterified cholesterol, and then cholesteryl ester hydrolase is added for the measurement of total cholesterol, with the esterified component being the difference between the total cholesterol and the unesterified fraction (17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Atherosclerosis Of the Aortamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pitfalls in the assessment of murine atherosclerosis

Catanozi

Rocha

Passarelli

et al. 2009

Braz J Med Biol Res

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This review provides examples of the fact that different procedures for the measurement of atherosclerosis in mice may lead to interpretation of the extent of atherosclerosis having markedly different biological and clinical significance for humans: 1) aortic cholesterol measurement is highly sensitive for the detection of early and advanced atherosclerosis lesions, but misses the identification of the location and complexity of these lesions that are so critical for humans; 2) the histological analysis of the aortic root lesions in simvastatin-treated and control mice reveals similar lesion morphology in spite of the remarkable simvastatin-induced reduction of the aortic cholesteryl ester content; 3) in histological analyses, chemical fixation and inclusion may extract the tissue fat and also shrink and distort tissue structures. Thus, the method may be less sensitive for the detection of slight differences among the experimental groups, unless a more suitable procedure employing physical fixation with histological sample freezing using optimal cutting temperature and liquid nitrogen is employed. Thus, when measuring experimental atherosclerosis in mice, investigators should be aware of several previously unreported pitfalls regarding the extent, location and complexity of the arterial lesion that may not be suitable for extrapolation to human pathology.

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Dietary Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Promote Aortic Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor–Null, Human ApoB100–Overexpressing Transgenic Mice

Cited by 168 publications

References 45 publications

Hemp seed oil: Chemical characterization of three non-drug varieties cultivated in Morocco

Hemp seed oil: Chemical characterization of three non-drug varieties cultivated in Morocco

Disruption of Abcg5 and Abcg8 in mice reveals their crucial role in biliary cholesterol secretion

Pitfalls in the assessment of murine atherosclerosis

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