Dietary mycotoxins exposure and child growth, immune system, morbidity, and mortality: a systematic literature review

Tesfamariam, Kokeb; Boevre, Marthe De; Kolsteren, Patrick; Belachew, Tefera; Mesfin, Addisalem; Saeger, Sarah De; Lachat, Carl

doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1685455

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Marin et al (2018) [38] reviewed the methodology for detecting mycotoxin biomarkers in human samples. Finally, Tesfamariam et al (2019) [39] summarized the evidence of the relationship between exposure to AFs and FBs and some diseases in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Blood, Plasma and Serum in Recent Years: A Review

Arce-López

Lizarraga

Vettorazzi

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This manuscript reviews the state-of-the-art regarding human biological monitoring (HBM) of mycotoxins in plasma, serum and blood samples. After a comprehensive and systematic literature review, with a focus on the last five years, several aspects were analyzed and summarized: (a) the biomarkers analyzed and their encountered levels, (b) the analytical methodologies developed and (c) the relationship between biomarker levels and some illnesses. In the literature reviewed, aflatoxin B1-lysine (AFB1-lys) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in plasma and serum were the most widely studied mycotoxin biomarkers for HBM. Regarding analytical methodologies, a clear increase in the development of methods for the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins has been observed. For this purpose, the use of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, especially when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has grown. A high percentage of the samples analyzed for OTA or aflatoxin B1 (mostly as AFB1-lys) in the reviewed papers were positive, demonstrating human exposure to mycotoxins. This review confirms the importance of mycotoxin human biomonitoring and highlights the important challenges that should be faced, such as the inclusion of other mycotoxins in HBM programs, the need to increase knowledge of mycotoxin metabolism and toxicokinetics, and the need for reference materials and new methodologies for treating samples. In addition, guidelines are required for analytical method validation, as well as equations to establish the relationship between human fluid levels and mycotoxin intake.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Blood, Plasma and Serum in Recent Years: A Review

Arce-López

Lizarraga

Vettorazzi

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some authors suggest some relationships between impaired growth, kwashiorkor, or marasmus diseases and exposure to aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) [19,23,24]. However, others explain that the presence of AFs in the tissues of children with these diseases is due to the lower metabolization of these toxins by damaged livers [1], and further studies are needed to clarify this aspect [25]. In addition, high ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in children´s blood have been related to microglobulinuria due to kidney damage [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Exposure to Mycotoxins in Spanish Children through the Analysis of Their Levels in Plasma Samples

Arce-López

Lizarraga

Mesa

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

: In this study, we present, for the first time in Spain, the levels of 19 mycotoxins in plasma samples from healthy and sick children (digestive, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders) (n = 79, aged 2–16). The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole) (LC-MS/MS). To detect Phase II metabolites, the samples were reanalyzed after pre-treatment with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. The most prevalent mycotoxin was ochratoxin A (OTA) in all groups of children, before and after enzyme treatment. In healthy children, the incidence of OTA was 92.5% in both cases and higher than in sick children before (36.7% in digestive disorders, 50% in ASD, and 14.3% in ADHD) and also after the enzymatic treatment (76.6 % in digestive disorders, 50% in ASD, and 85.7% in ADHD). OTA levels increased in over 40% of healthy children after enzymatic treatment, and this increase in incidence and levels was also observed in all sick children. This suggests the presence of OTA conjugates in plasma. In addition, differences in OTA metabolism may be assumed. OTA levels are higher in healthy children, even after enzymatic treatment (mean OTA value for healthy children 3.29 ng/mL, 1.90 ng/mL for digestive disorders, 1.90 ng/mL for ASD, and 0.82 ng/mL for ADHD). Ochratoxin B appears only in the samples of healthy children with a low incidence (11.4%), always co-occurring with OTA. Sterigmatocystin (STER) was detected after enzymatic hydrolysis with a high incidence in all groups, especially in sick children (98.7% in healthy children and 100% in patients). This supports glucuronidation as a pathway for STER metabolism in children. Although other mycotoxins were studied (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1; T-2 and HT-2 toxins; deoxynivalenol, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; zearalenone; nivalenol; fusarenon-X; neosolaniol; and diacetoxyscirpenol), they were not detected either before or after enzymatic treatment in any of the groups of children. In conclusion, OTA and STER should be highly considered in the risk assessment of mycotoxins. Studies concerning their sources of exposure, toxicokinetics, and the relationship between plasma levels and toxic effects are of utmost importance in children.

show abstract

“…Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), the most prevalent and toxic variety of AFs [12,13], is a known potent class 1 human liver carcinogen and is synergistic with hepatitis B and C infections in causing liver cancer [14,15]. Furthermore, in several studies, AFB 1 has been linked to poor linear growth among children in LMICs [16][17][18], though the quality of evidence for this association remains low [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin exposure in pregnant women of mixed status of human immunodeficiency virus infection and rate of gestational weight gain: a Ugandan cohort study

Lauer

Natamba

Ghosh

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives To examine the association between aflatoxin (AF) exposure during pregnancy and rate of gestational weight gain (GWG) in a sample of pregnant women of mixed HIV status in Gulu, northern Uganda. Methods 403 pregnant women were included (133 HIV‐infected on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 270 HIV‐uninfected). Women’s weight, height and socio‐demographic characteristics were collected at baseline (~19 weeks’ gestation); weight was assessed at each follow‐up visit. Serum was collected at baseline and tested for aflatoxin B1‐lysine adduct (AFB‐lys) levels using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine the association between AFB‐lys levels and rate of GWG. Results AFB‐lys levels (detected in 98.3% of samples) were higher among HIV‐infected pregnant women than HIV‐uninfected pregnant women [median (interquartile range): 4.8 (2.0, 15.0) vs. 3.5 (1.6, 6.1) pg/mg of albumin, P < 0.0001]. Adjusting for HIV status, a one‐log increase in aflatoxin levels was associated with a 16.2 g per week lower rate of GWG (P = 0.028). The association between AFB‐lys and the rate of GWG was stronger and significant only among HIV‐infected women on ART [−25.7 g per week per log (AFB‐lys), P = 0.009 for HIV‐infected women vs. −7.5 g per week per log (AFB‐lys), P = 0.422 for HIV‐uninfected women]. Conclusions Pregnant women with higher levels of AF exposure had lower rates of GWG. The association was stronger for HIV‐infected women on ART, suggesting increased risk.

show abstract

Dietary mycotoxins exposure and child growth, immune system, morbidity, and mortality: a systematic literature review

Cited by 46 publications

References 76 publications

Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Blood, Plasma and Serum in Recent Years: A Review

Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Blood, Plasma and Serum in Recent Years: A Review

Assessment of Exposure to Mycotoxins in Spanish Children through the Analysis of Their Levels in Plasma Samples

Aflatoxin exposure in pregnant women of mixed status of human immunodeficiency virus infection and rate of gestational weight gain: a Ugandan cohort study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About