Dietary nanoselenium supplementation for heat-stressed rainbow trout: effects on organizational structure, lipid changes, and biochemical parameters as well as heat-shock-protein- and selenoprotein-related gene expression

A review of the quantitative real-time PCR and Omics approaches applied to study the effects of dietary selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) on fish

“… [81] 11 qRT-PCR Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Liver The efficacy of nano-Se against cadmium toxicity The IGF-1, CAT, TNF-α, and IL1β genes up-regulated. [83] 12 qRT-PCR Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) Hepatocytes The protective effects of nano-Se on the hepatocytes of fish against 4-tBP Co-treatment of nano-Se with 4-tBP suppresses the ROS-PARP1 pathway to reverse the mitochondrial apoptosis and necroptosis caused by 4-tBP [85] 13 qRT-PCR Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) Intestine The potential of nano-Se in alleviating the intestinal damage caused by high-fat diets Up-regulation of the genes related to the tight junction (ZO-1, claudin-3, and occludin), anti-oxidation (GPx4a and GPx4b), and the protein of ZO-1; suppression of the genes involved in inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, IL1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), signaling molecules (TLR4, p38 MAPK, and NF-kB p65), and the TNF-α and NF-kB p65 proteins [89] 14 qRT-PCR Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Liver Comparison of the effects of different sources of Se (inorganic, organic, and nano-Se) Higher expression rates of the immune related genes (IL1β and TNF-α) in the organic and nano-Se groups [90] 15 qRT-PCR Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) Liver Investigating the effects of nano-Se on rainbow trout under heat stress conditions Up-regulation of the HSP70b, HSP90a1, GPx1a, and Trx genes in the nano-Se group (5 mg/ Kg) [93] 16 qRT-PCR Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) Intestine Analyzing the effects of nano-Se supplementation on the intestine of heat-stress rainbow trout Up-regulation of the heat shock proteins, selenoproteins (Gpx1a, Gpx1b1, and Trx), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGB-β); down-regulation of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) [94] 17 qRT-PCR Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) Liver Studying the protective mechanism of nano-Se against heat stress ...…”

“…In this context, Li et al. [93] investigated the beneficial effects of nano-Se supplementation (0, 5, and 10 mg/ Kg) on rainbow trout under heat stress conditions (24 °C). The results revealed that supplementation with nano-Se (5 mg/ Kg) up-regulated the expression rates of the HSP70b, HSP90a1, GPx1a, and Trx genes to help stressed fish cope with oxidative damage.…”

Selenium Protects Yellow Catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) from Low-Temperature Damage via the Perspective Analysis of Metabolomics and Intestinal Microbes

“…Selenium is a central element for GSH-Px activity; GSH-Px uses reduced GSH as a substrate to reduce the generation of harmful hydroperoxides and free radicals, reducing peroxide damage to biomacromolecules and cell membranes [45]. Previous studies showed that the addition of selenium to the diet significantly increased the activity of liver GSH-Px and SOD enzymes in T. fulvidraco [14] and reduced lipid peroxide malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species production in Oncorhynchus mykiss [46]. We observed that organic oxygen compounds, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, lotaustralin, and coumarin and their derivatives were significantly downregulated in the T0 group, suggesting that selenium is beneficial in scavenging free radicals produced by low-temperature stress and reducing organism damage.…”

The Physiological Effects of Some Stress Indicators in Rainbow Trout Raised in Different Systems

“…For example, a supplement of 5 mg/kg nanoselenium introduced into the food of rainbow trout subjected to heat stress (+24⁰C) significantly increased the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase. Thus, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were reduced and, on the other hand, lipid accumulations in the liver decreased and its tissue structure improved [6,7].…”