Dietary Neurolipidomics in Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

The promising area of lipidomics has received a major interest as exploring panels of lipid biomarkers and their metabolic pathways might contribute to the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease allowing novel therapeutic targets. Dysfunctions in lipid metabolism have been associated with metabolic disorders as well as with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurolipidomics is beginning to provide new insights into the pathophysiology of AD through identification of plasma and cerebral lipid mediators and metabolites (lipidome). Altered lipid profile and dysregulated metabolism of DHA, plasmalogen, phosphoinositol (PI), phosphoethanolamine (PE) has been investigated mainly through their incorporation into neuronal membranes and may all contribute to AD progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge on altered lipidome in AD and the impact of dietary lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, SF, LA, AA, EPA, DHA) on the brain, CSF and plasma lipidome in MCI and AD subjects compared to age-matched controls.