Dietary oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids for ruminants: Post-ruminal digesta characteristics and their implications on production

Abstract

. 2006. Dietary oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids for ruminants: Post-ruminal digesta characteristics and their implications on production. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86: 159-170. Maximizing the production of ruminants requires high intakes of feeds that are energy dense, therefore feeds that are usually high in starch. Under these conditions there can be significant passage of partially digested feed starch and fibre to the small intestine. These digesta components interact in a manner that can diminish post-ruminal digestion and absorption. However, in ruminants, the effects of digesta composition on causing physical constraints to digestion and absorption, via increased digesta viscosity have not been given adequate consideration. While elevation of digesta viscosity as a means of reducing rate of nutrient absorption and re-absorption of compounds detrimental to health is a valid approach in humans, digesta viscosity may reduce the production potential of livestock. Thus, there is merit in reviewing the feeding strategies that lead to increased viscosity and how its mitigation can be managed through inclusion of oil in ruminant diets. The interactions between digesta composition and the resultant viscosity with digestive physiology and production factors are examined. This review also highlights the associated benefits of dietary oil for ruminants, such as enhancement of bio-active lipids in ruminant products, health benefits directly to the animal, through decreasing incidence of liver abscesses and effects on production and possibly on the environment (reduction of enteropathogenic bacterial shedding and methane emissions).Key words: Ruminant, starch, digesta characteristics, viscosity, cholecystokinin Mir, P. S., McAllister, T. A., Gibb, D. J. et Okine, E. K. 2006. Huile riche en acides gras polyinsaturés pour les ruminants : propriétés des produits de digestion au-delà du rumen et conséquences pour la production animale. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86: 159-170. Pour maximiser leur production, les ruminants doivent ingérer une grande quantité d'aliments très énergétiques, souvent riches en amidon. Dans de telles conditions, il arrive qu'une proportion sensible d'amidon et de fibres mal digérés passe dans l'intestin grêle. Ces produits interagissent en ralentissant la digestion et l'absorption des aliments au-delà du rumen. On ne s'est pas assez intéressé à la composition de ces produits et aux contraintes physiques qu'ils imposent à la digestion et à l'absorption des aliments consécutivement à une hausse de la viscosité du bol alimentaire, chez les ruminants. Bien que la réduction du taux d'absorption des aliments et de la réabsorption des composés nocifs pour la santé par une viscosité accrue du bol alimentaire soit une approche valable chez l'être humain, la viscosité des produits de digestion peut diminuer le potentiel de production des ruminants. Revoir les programmes d'alimentation qui aboutissent à une hausse de la viscosité et voir comment on pourrait atténuer ce problème par l'inclusion d'huile au régime n'es...

Effects of maternal protein supplementation and inclusion of rumen‐protected fat in the finishing diet on nutrient digestibility and expression of intestinal genes in Nellore steers

“…Other hypophagic effects of long-chain fatty acids, including reductions in digesta viscosity (Mir, McAllister, Gibb, & Okine, 2006) and gastrointestinal motility (Drackley, Klusmeyer, Trusk, & Clark, 1992), may have impaired feed intake. Both effects are associated with the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK), a neuropeptide secreted from duodenal I cells that acts as a short-term regulator of feed intake (Gibbs, Smith, & Greenberg, 1993).…”

Kick-starting ovarian cyclicity by using dietary glucogenic precursors in post-partum dairy cows: a review

“…In addition to the choice of grain type, the preparation method [73] as well as maturity of grain at harvest are important [74]. Mature ground or rolled grain is recommended [75]. Rumen resistant starch may not be completely hydrolysed in the small intestine [76] due to starch increasing small intestine viscosity [75].…”

“…Mature ground or rolled grain is recommended [75]. Rumen resistant starch may not be completely hydrolysed in the small intestine [76] due to starch increasing small intestine viscosity [75]. Therefore, the total starch level of the diet should be lower than 35-40% to avoid acidosis and allow complete starch hydrolysis [77].…”

Effect of diets with fruit oils supplements on rumen fermentation parameters, fatty acid composition and methane production <i>in vitro</i>

“…The benefits of dietary oils to ruminants are associated with an improvement of bioactive lipid components in ruminant products by alteration of the ruminal microbial population (Mir et al, 2006;SzumacherStrabel et al, 2011b). In this study, oil supplemented diets incubated for 24 hours in the batch culture system showed an increase in LCFA, UFA, MUFA and PUFA and a decrease in MCFA in the rumen fluid, regardless the diet composition.…”