Dietary Pattern and Its Association with the Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Chinese Older Adults

Abstract

Aim: This article examined the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese older adults. Methods: For this study, older adults with one or more cardiovascular risk factors or a history of cardiovascular disease were randomly selected using health check medical records from the Changshu and Beijing Fangshan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis was used to extract dietary pattern factors. Log binomial regression analysis was used to analyse the association between dietary patterns and chronic disease related risk factors. Results: Four factors were found through factor analysis. A high level of internal consistency was obtained, with a high Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.83. Cluster analysis identified three dietary patterns: healthy diet, Western diet, and balanced diet. Findings in this sample of Chinese adults correspond to those reported in previous studies, indicating that a Western diet is significantly related to likelihood of having obesity, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. The identification of distinct dietary patterns among Chinese older adults and the nutritional status of people with chronic diseases suggest that the three dietary patterns have a reasonable level of discriminant validity. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that a FFQ is a valid and reliable tool to assess the dietary patterns of individuals with chronic diseases in small- to medium-size urban and rural settings in China. It also validates the significant association between dietary pattern and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including body mass index, blood pressure, triglycerides, and metabolic conditions. Clinical diagnosis of chronic disease further confirmed this relationship in Chinese older adults.

Difference in adult food group intake by sex and age groups comparing Brazil and United States nationwide surveys

“…The Western dietary pattern has been associated to obesity, diabetes and hypertension [29,30]; however, whether preventing the incorporation of Western dietary habits will decrease obesity levels warrants further examination. Longitudinal studies and/or time trend studies would allow better interpretation of the influence of the diet on the population’s weight.…”

“…The traditional dietary pattern in Brazil, characterized by high consumption of staple and basic foods, has been positively associated with a reduced BMI, and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases [23,28]. On the other hand, Western diets, characterized by a high consumption of high-calorie and nutrient-poor foods , have been associated with increasing prevalence of overweight and other adverse impacts on health [29,30]. …”

Maternal Dietary Nutrient Intake and Its Association with Preterm Birth: A Case‐control Study in Beijing, China

“…The FFQ has been previously validated among adults in Beijing [15]. The FFQ included 34 food items which represent most of the common foods in Chinese diet.…”

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“…En el Perú, el Ministerio de Salud ha estimado que un quinto de la carga de enfermedad del año 2011 correspondió a enfermedades asociadas a sobrepeso y obesidad (6), a lo que se suma el que las ENT son la principal causa de mortalidad en el Perú, siendo las enfermedades cardiovasculares las más letales dentro de este grupo (7) . (8) y, simultáneamente, por la reducción la actividad física debido a la creciente urbanización, mecanización del trabajo y motorización del transporte (9) . En este desequilibrio entre ingesta y gasto de energía, intervienen factores que van desde la variabilidad genética hasta aspectos del entorno, que incluyen, por ejemplo, la cultura, la disponibilidad y acceso a alimentos baratos y de alta palatabilidad, el acceso a espacios para hacer actividad física, la publicidad, y las políticas públicas.…”