Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Risks in Chinese Older Adults

Abstract

Studies of Western populations demonstrate a relationship between dietary patterns and cardiovascular-related risk factors. Similar research regarding Chinese populations is limited. This study explored the dietary patterns of Chinese older adults and their association with cardiovascular-related risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Data were collected using a 34-item Chinese food frequency questionnaire from 750 randomly selected older adults aged 50–88 who participated in the study in 2012. Factor analysis revealed four dietary patterns: a “traditional food pattern,” consisting of vegetable, fruit, rice, pork, and fish; a “fast and processed food pattern” consisting of fast or processed food products, sugar, and confectionery; a “soybean, grain, and flour food pattern”; and a “dairy, animal liver, and other animal food pattern.” These patterns explained 17.48, 9.52, 5.51, and 4.80% of the variances in food intake, respectively. This study suggests that specific dietary patterns are evident in Chinese older adults. Moderate intake of “traditional Chinese food” is associated with decreased blood pressure and cholesterol level. A dietary pattern rich in soybeans, grains, potatoes, and flour is associated with reduced metabolic factors including reduced triglycerides, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and waist–hip ratio, and a high level of dairy, animal liver, and other animal intake food pattern is associated with increased level of Body Mass Index. In conclusion, this study revealed identifiable dietary patterns among Chinese older adults that are significantly related to blood pressure and metabolic biomarkers. Further study using prospective cohort or intervention study should be used to confirm the association between dietary patterns and blood pressure and metabolic factors.

Association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in a selected population of Lower Silesia (PURE Study Poland)

“…In a cross-sectional study performed in Brazil, the 'traditional' DP had a negative effect on obesity indicators, lipids and fasting plasma glucose [27]. Inversely, the 'traditional Chinese food' pattern was associated with decreased blood pressure and cholesterol level, and the 'Japanese' pattern was related to decreased blood pressure [28,29].…”

Association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder study population

“…Lifestyle factor such as diet plays an important role in the development of CVD by influencing lipid profiles, blood glucose, blood pressure, obesity, and weight gain . The role of diet on inflammation process has been well evidenced .…”

Dairy product consumption and its association with metabolic disturbance in a prospective study of urban adults

“…(79; 80; 81) Among positive findings, a study of 827 Iranian adults (18–74y) concluded that the uppermost quartile of dairy consumption (vs. lowest) had reduced odds of central obesity, hypertension and MetS, an association primarily mediated by calcium intake, (34) as was replicated in a separate study. (60) In a US study of adult women (n=10,006, ≥45y), both calcium and dairy products’ intakes were inversely related to MetS, in multivariate-adjusted models.…”

“…(23) Recent observational and experimental studies suggest that dairy and calcium consumption may reduce obesity risk, (29; 30) excess central (31) fat distribution, type-2 diabetes (32; 33) , hypertension (34) , and the MetS (31; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67; 68) , while mixed or negative finding were reported by others. (69; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80; 81; 82; 83) …”