Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer: results from a Canadian population-based study

Abstract

BackgroundThe relationship between major dietary patterns and colorectal cancer (CRC) in other populations largely remains consistent across studies. The objective of the present study is to assess if dietary patterns are associated with the risk of CRC in the population of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL).MethodsData from a population based case–control study in the province of NL were analyzed, including 506 CRC patients (306 men and 200 women) and 673 controls (400 men and 273 women), aged 20–74 years. Dietary habits were assessed by a 169-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the CRC risk.ResultsThree major dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis, namely a Meat-diet pattern, a Plant-based diet pattern and a Sugary-diet pattern. In combination the three dietary patterns explained 74% of the total variance in food intake. Results suggest that the Meat-diet and the Sugary-diet increased the risk of CRC with corresponding odds ratios (ORs) of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.19-2.86) and 2.26 (95% CI: 1.39-3.66) for people in the highest intake quintile compared to those in the lowest. Whereas plant-based diet pattern decreases the risk of CRC with a corresponding OR of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.35-0.87). Even though odds ratios (ORs) were not always statistically significant, largely similar associations across three cancer sites were found: the proximal colon, the distal colon, and the rectum.ConclusionThe finding that Meat-diet/Sugary-diet patterns increased and Plant-based diet pattern decreased the risk of CRC would guide the promotion of healthy eating for primary prevention of CRC in this population.

Dietary pattern as a predictor of colorectal cancer among general health population in Arusha Tanzania: A population based descriptive study

“…The dietary patterns derived from this data resembled those from previous studies which used similar factor analytic approach (Chen et al, 2015;Keding et al, 2011). What we labeled as a western dietary pattern was similar to two dietary patterns found in the breast cancer study in the northern Tanzania.…”

“…Confirmation of sampling adequacy of the food group variables was confirmed using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure with the resultant value of 0.752. As per a study by Chen et al (2015), food groups with factor loadings between -0.4 and 0.4 were disregarded for defining the dietary patterns (Chen, 2015). Principal component factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns.…”

Total Diet Approach to Cancer Prevention: A Narrative Review of the Literature Since 2011 Concerning the Association of Colorectal Cancer and Meat Consumption

“…Several studies have identified dietary patterns to investigate the association of the total diet on CRC risk. While the study designs, methods, participant populations, and derived dietary patterns differ, the three reviews [33][34][35], three case-control [36][37], and two prospective cohort studies [38][39][40] all concluded that meat-based diets are associated with an increased risk of CRC and that plant-based diets, rich in fruit, vegetables, and low in red and processed meat, may reduce CRC risk. These findings are consistent with Tantamango-Bartley et al [41] who found that vegetarian versus non-vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with significantly reduced cancer incidence (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99).…”

Beneficial effects of non-alcoholic grape-derived products on human health: A literature review

“…As shown in Table 5, few papers in humans (with controversial results) have been published on the relationship between unfermented grape derivatives and prevalence of cancer, apart from epidemiological studies showing a protective property of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables [43].…”