Dietary Patterns and their Association with Obesity: a Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Context. Scarce data on dietary habits in Eastern European countries is available and reports investigated individual food items and not dietary patterns in these populations Objective. To identify dietary patterns and to explore their association with obesity in a sample from Romanian population. Design. Cross-sectional. Subjects and Methods. This was an analysis of data collected from 1398 adult participants in ORO study. Data on lifestyle, eating habits and food frequency consumption were collected. Results. By principal component analysis we identified 3 dietary patterns explaining 31.4% of the diet variation: High meat/High fat pattern, Western pattern and Prudent pattern. High meat/High fat pattern was associated with male gender, lower educational level, living in a rural, smoking and a higher probability for the presence of obesity (OR 1.2 [95%CI: 1.1-1.4]). Western pattern was associated with younger age, a higher level of physical activity and smoking. Prudent pattern was associated with older age, female gender, a higher level of physical activity, not smoking status and a lower probability for the presence of obesity (OR 0.8 [95%CI: 0.7-0.9]). Conclusions. This study provides for the first-time information on the association between dietary patterns in adults from an Eastern European country and the presence of obesity.

Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With the FTO and FGF21 Gene Variants Among Emirati Adults

“…In this study, while six factors (patterns) had an eigenvalue > 1, only three were above the breaking point in the scree plot and were retained in the analysis. Previous studies have also used the point of inflection in the scree plot, in addition to an eigenvalue greater than one, in deciding on the number of factors to be retained (64)(65)(66). Similar to the results of this study, such an approach yielded a fewer number of factors to be retained as compared to relying solely on the criteria related to the eigenvalue.…”

Dose–Response Relationship between Western Diet and Being Overweight among Teachers in Malaysia

“…Dietary pattern analysis has been proposed as a better approach in assessing diet quality than a single nutrient or food group. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and obesity [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. A meta-analysis of 18 studies conducted in both Western and Asian populations reported that higher adherence to a Prudent diet was associated with a 36% (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.78) lower odds of being overweight or obese [ 15 ].…”

Validação relativa de um questionário de frequência alimentar e associação de padrões alimentares com excesso de peso e porcentagem de gordura corporal em adultos de uma coorte brasileira

“…Estudos recentes sobre padrões alimentares realizados em vários países têm mostrado que padrões mais saudáveis estão associados a menores chances de excesso de peso e obesidade. (EGG et al, 2019;JAYASINGHE et al, 2019;PENG et al, 2019;ROMAN et al, 2019). Em contrapartida, alguns estudos mostram que após o ajuste por covariáveis, a associação de padrões alimentares saudáveis com excesso de peso foi positiva, e que possivelmente as recomendações para diminuição do consumo de alimentos processados, gorduras ou açúcares pelos profissionais de saúde e o avanço nas políticas públicas para elaboração de guias alimentares podem estar contribuindo para que indivíduos com diagnóstico de obesidade abdominal diminuam o consumo desses alimentos.…”

“…O quadro 3 mostra a classificação dos grupos de alimentos para a segunda avaliação dos adultos. As nomeações das classificações de aderência aos padrões alimentares tem respaldo na literatura, onde o termo "Prudente" é geralmente caracterizado por uma alimentação rica em frutas, vegetais e alimentos naturais (ROMAN et al, 2019;TUCKER et al, 2015); o termo "Risco" relata uma alimentação rica em gorduras saturadas e alimentos industrializados (NERI-SÁNCHEZ et al, 2018), e o termo "Misto" é caracterizado por uma alimentação composta tanto de alimentos naturais, como frutas e vegetais, quanto alimentos de industrializados como fast foods e afins.…”

“…Outros estudos também mostram que o padrão considerado saudável ou prudente se mostra associado inversamente ao excesso de peso e/ou obesidade. (HASSANNEJAD et al, 2018;NERI-SÁNCHEZ et al, 2018;ROMAN et al, 2019).…”