Dietary patterns and their associations with the metabolic syndrome and predicted 10-year risk of CVD in northwest Chinese adults

Hailili, Gulisiya; Chen, Zhen; Tian, Tian; Fu, Wenhui; Pei, Hualian; Mahan, Yeledan; Luò, Tāo; Alimu, Dilibaier; Wang, Lu; Zhang, Guozhen; Liu, Li-rong; Wang, Duolao

doi:10.1017/s000711452000478x

“…PCA was used to develop a formula to calculate a metabolic syndrome severity score, which was shown to be useful in the assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors [ 72 ]. A number of papers on the importance of dietary patterns that were identified using PCA in the context of MS have also been published [ 73 , 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Obesity and Insulin Resistance” Is the Component of the Metabolic Syndrome Most Strongly Associated with Oxidative Stress

Jakubiak

¹

,

Osadnik

²

,

Lejawa

³

et al. 2021

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Metabolic syndrome (MS) is not a homogeneous entity, but this term refers to the coexistence of factors that increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There are different versions of the criteria for the diagnosis of MS, which makes the population of patients diagnosed with MS heterogeneous. Research to date shows that MS is associated with oxidative stress (OS), but it is unclear which MS component is most strongly associated with OS. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the parameters of OS and the presence of individual elements of MS in young adults, as well as to identify the components of MS by means of principal components analysis (PCA) and to investigate how the parameters of OS correlate with the presence of individual components. The study included 724 young adults with or without a family history of coronary heart disease (population of the MAGNETIC study). Blood samples were taken from the participants of the study to determine peripheral blood counts, biochemical parameters, and selected parameters of OS. In addition, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured. In subjects with MS, significantly lower activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing SOD (CuZnSOD), and manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD) were found, along with significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and significantly lower concentration of thiol groups per gram of protein (PSH). We identified three components of MS by means of PCA: “Obesity and insulin resistance”, “Dyslipidemia”, and “Blood pressure”, and showed the component “Obesity and insulin resistance” to have the strongest relationship with OS. In conclusion, we documented significant differences in some parameters of OS between young adults with and without MS. We showed that “Obesity and insulin resistance” is the most important component of MS in terms of relationship with OS.

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“…The intensively trained interviewers assessed the habitual diet of participants using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which has been presented previously [ 27 ]. The FFQ included 127 food items and was used to assess the frequency (daily, 4∼6 times/week, 1∼3 times/week, 1∼3 times/month, and never or rarely) and quantity of consumption (in units or specified portion size) for the past year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, this was a population-based study organized from April 2018 to May 2019. e ethical clearance for this study came from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2018XE0108), and all patients signed written informed consent certificates. More details of the XMEC have been reported elsewhere [27].…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Multiple Statistical Methods to Derive Dietary Patterns Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Multiethnic Population-Based Study

Qiao

¹

,

Zhao

²

,

Luo

³

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Self Cite

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Background. There are few reports on the relationship between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to explore relationships between dietary patterns and CVD risk in the T2D population using multiple statistical analysis methods. Methods. A total of 2,984 patients with T2D from the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort, 555 of whom were suffering from CVD, were enrolled in this study. Participants’ dietary intake was measured by the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Three statistical methods were used to construct dietary patterns, including principal component analysis (PCA) method, reduced-rank regressions (RRR) method, and partial least-squares regression (PLS) method. Then, the association between dietary patterns and CVD risk in T2D patients was analyzed by logistic regression. After excluding participants with CVD, the associations between dietary patterns and 10-year CVD risk scores were subsequently evaluated to reduce reverse causality. Results. In this study, four dietary patterns were identified by three methods. Adjustment for confounding factors, subjects with the highest scores on the “high-protein and high-carbohydrate” patterns derived from PCA, RRR, and PLS had higher odds of CVD than those with the lowest scores (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 2.11–3.96, P t r e n d < 0.001 ; OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 2.17–4.03, P t r e n d < 0.001 ; OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.50–2.70, P t r e n d < 0.001 , respectively). However, the dietary pattern of PCA-prudent was not significantly related to the odds of having CVD in T2D patients (adjusted ORQ4vsQ1: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.70–1.24, P t r e n d = 0.474 ). Interestingly, we also found significant associations between “high-protein and high-carbohydrate” patterns and the elevated predicted 10-year CVD risk in T2D patients (all P t r e n d < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The positive correlation between “high-protein and high-carbohydrate” patterns and CVD risk in T2D patients was robust across all three data-driven approaches. These findings may have public health significance, encouraging an emphasis on food choices in the usual diet and promoting nutritional interventions for patients with T2D to prevent CVD.

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“…Moreover, few studies internationally have been undertaken that were specific to the higher risk, older population. Studies have been conducted with adults older than 50 years (China, n 1006) (28) and populations with a mean age greater than 60 years (10,29,30) . These studies reported inverse associations between dietary patterns with healthy food groups and the metabolic syndrome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies reported inverse associations between dietary patterns with healthy food groups and the metabolic syndrome. For example, a pattern containing red dates, gouji berries, dried fruit, nuts and grains in a Chinese population (Urumqi cohort, n 4265) was protective (29) , as was one high in fruit and vegetables and low in red and processed meats in a German cohort (n 853) (30) . In contrast, the metabolic syndrome was positively associated with dietary patterns containing milk tea but not yogurt in the Urumqi cohort (29) ; legumes, beef, processed meat and bouillon in a German population (n 905) (10) ; and a 'Western' cluster (n 343) compared with a 'healthy' cluster (n 353) in an older Chinese population (28) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in older adults in New Zealand: the REACH study

Mumme

¹

,

Conlon

²

,

Hurst

³

et al. 2021

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Metabolic syndrome is common in older adults and may be modified by the diet. The aim of this study was to examine associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in an older New Zealand population. The REACH study (Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health) included 366 participants (65-74 years, 36% male) living independently in Auckland, New Zealand. Dietary data were collected using a 109-item food frequency questionnaire with demonstrated validity and reproducibility for assessing dietary patterns using principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Associations between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, physical activity, and energy intake were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Three dietary patterns explained 18% of dietary intake variation – ‘Mediterranean style’ (salad/leafy cruciferous/other vegetables, avocados/olives, alliums, nuts/seeds, shellfish and white/oily fish, berries), ‘prudent’ (dried/fresh/frozen legumes, soy-based foods, whole grains, carrots), and ‘Western’ (processed meat/fish, sauces/condiments, cakes/biscuits/puddings, meat pies/hot chips). No associations were seen between ‘Mediterranean style’ [OR=0.75 (95% CI 0.53, 1.06), P=0.11] or ‘prudent’ [OR=1.17 (95% CI 0.83, 1.59), P=0.35] patterns and metabolic syndrome after co-variate adjustment. The ‘Western’ pattern was positively associated with metabolic syndrome [OR=1.67 (95% CI 1.08, 2.63), P=0.02]. There was also a small association between an index of multiple deprivation [OR=1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.06), P<0.001] and metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study provides further support for a Western dietary pattern being a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in an older population.

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Dietary patterns and their associations with the metabolic syndrome and predicted 10-year risk of CVD in northwest Chinese adults

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

“Obesity and Insulin Resistance” Is the Component of the Metabolic Syndrome Most Strongly Associated with Oxidative Stress

“Obesity and Insulin Resistance” Is the Component of the Metabolic Syndrome Most Strongly Associated with Oxidative Stress

Using Multiple Statistical Methods to Derive Dietary Patterns Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Multiethnic Population-Based Study

Associations between dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in older adults in New Zealand: the REACH study

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