Dietary patterns are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among preschoolers in South Korea: a prospective cohort study

Lee, Kyung-Shin; Lim, Youn‐Hee; Lee, Ji Young; Shin, Moon-Kyung; Kim, Bung-Nyun; Shin, Choong Ho; Lee, Young Ah; Kim, Johanna Inhyang; Hong, Yun Chul

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2020.1786789

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, Henriksson et al, using data from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, suggested that attention capacity could be influenced by healthy dietary patterns in adolescence, but that the study design meant that conclusions could not be drawn about the causality and the direction of the associations [ 65 ]. Furthermore, these consumption trends of the Western-like pattern also agree with Lee et al [ 66 ], who found that meat and carbohydrate patterns were associated more with the inattentive kind of risk in children at 6 years of age. This association that we found for inattention in our study contradicts the previously stated hypothesis that there should be more possible differences between the ADHD and the control group in the H–I and combined presentations due to their clinical characteristics of less inhibitory control and greater self-regulation problems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

et al. 2022

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. A current area of interest is the association between ADHD and food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption and dietary patterns of children with and without ADHD in relation to their age and ADHD presentation. The study involved 259 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years old (57 with ADHD and 202 controls) and 475 elementary-school-age children, aged 10 to 12 years old (213 with ADHD and 262 controls) from Spain. ADHD was diagnosed in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) from Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children interviews. Eating data were collected using a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was carried out to analyze dietary patterns. Western-like, sweet, and healthy patterns were identified. The ADHD group was negatively associated with the healthy pattern (p < 0.001) and positively associated with the Western-like diet (p = 0.004). Children with inattentive presentation showed lower adherence (12.2%) to a healthy pattern than that of the control group (39.9%) (p < 0.001). There is an association between ADHD and dietary habits; children with inattentive presentation may particularly be at risk of unhealthy eating habits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

et al. 2022

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“…Abnormally high intake of carbohydrate foods increases insulin secretion, and epinephrine secretion is achieved as a mechanism for reducing the hypersecreted insulin level. Due to the nature of epinephrine, hypersecretion of epinephrine causes hyperactivity and memory loss, which is the same as a study that showed ADHD symptoms [54,55,57]. Globally, studies have shown that ADHD is associated with Western dietary patterns, diets high in added sugar, and refined carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These studies did not provide data on age, duration, or ADHD subtype, or the sample size was not large enough. They also did not take into account factors that could influence diet, such as gender, parental education level and occupation, medications, IQ, psychological complications, and autism spectrum disorder comorbidities [ 17 , 40 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Dietary Intake and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Scores by Repeated Measurements in School-Age Children

Ryu

Choi

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in school-age children and adolescents. However, the reported associations between ADHD and single nutrient intake are inconsistent. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between dietary intake changes and the prevalence of ADHD over time with repeat measurements using data from the Children Health and Environment Research (CHEER). To assess changes over time, we used data obtained in 2006 and 2008 (Phases 1 and 2). In this study, there were 2899 children aged 8 years or older in Phase 1 and 2120 children aged 9 years or older in Phase 2 from Korea, and the ADHD scores and dietary intake of 1733 children in Phases 1 and 2 were used in the final analysis. The YN group refers to children whose disease had improved in Phase 2, and the NY group refers to children diagnosed with ADHD in Phase 2. A notable within-group result was the increase in vegetable protein (p = 0.03) in the YN group. A between-group comparison showed that significant changes in nutrient intake could be confirmed most in the NY group, and the YN group tended to have a lower nutrient intake than the NY group. In the correlation of changes in nutrient intake and three subtypes (combined, AD, and HD), the total fat (p = 0.048) and animal protein (p = 0.099) showed a positive correlation with the prevalence of AD. Vegetable iron (p = 0.061 and p = 0.044, respectively), zinc (p = 0.022 and p = 0.007, respectively), vegetable protein (p = 0.074), and calcium (p = 0.057) had inhibitory effects on ADHD and its subtype. In conclusion, management of dietary and nutritional status should be considered to ameliorate ADHD and its subtypes in school-age children, and these relationships require further exploration in other settings.

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“…Healthy dietary patterns characterized by high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, vegetable oils, and dairy products would help prevent ADHD or hyperactivity [18,19]. Also, a vegetarian dietary pattern rich in all types of vegetables, fruits, beans, and grains was negatively associated with ADHD [20,21]. Other dietary patterns rich in polyphenols, such as the Mediterranean diet and the Dash diet, were negatively correlated with ADHD and improved ADHD symptoms [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between dietary polyphenol intake and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study

et al. 2022

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Background Previous research found that diets high in fruits and vegetables improved symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nevertheless, the relationship between dietary polyphenol intake and the risk of ADHD was not assessed. Objective The purpose of this study was to see if there was a relationship between dietary polyphenol intake and the risk of ADHD in children in preschool and elementary school. Methods A total of 400 children aged 4 to 12 years old participated in this case-control research (200 children with diagnosed ADHD and 200 healthy controls). The presence of ADHD was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V criteria. To calculate dietary polyphenol intake, a 168-item food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database were used. Results A significant negative association was observed between one unit increase in dietary polyphenol intake and risk of ADHD (OR: 0.995, 95% CI = 0.994 to 0.996, P < 0.001) in the crude model. This finding was still significant even after adjusting for body mass index, energy intake, socioeconomic status, gender, and age (OR: 0.992, 95% CI = 0.989 to 0.995, P < 0.001). Conclusion We found that the increased dietary intake of polyphenols is associated with a lower risk of ADHD in preschool and school children. Prospective studies are needed to corroborate these observations.

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Dietary patterns are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among preschoolers in South Korea: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

Associations between Dietary Intake and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Scores by Repeated Measurements in School-Age Children

The association between dietary polyphenol intake and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study

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