Dietary Patterns, Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in 9–11-Year-Old Children from Dunedin, New Zealand

Saeedi, Pouya; Black, Katherine; Haszard, Jillian J.; Skeaff, Sheila; Stoner, Lee; Davidson, Brittany; Harrex, Harriet; Meredith-Jones, Kim; Quigg, Robin; Wong, Jyh Eiin; Skidmore, Paula

doi:10.3390/nu10070887

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Likely, a cross-sectional analysis of 279 New Zealand adolescents aged 14-18 years reported that CRF is positively associated with a healthy dietary pattern [28]. However, no significant associations between dietary patterns and CRF were found in another cross-sectional study of 398 New Zealand children aged 9-11 years [29]. Our further analysis showed that children with low baseline CRF were more likely to have low diet quality at follow-up compared to those with high baseline CRF, whereas a baseline healthy diet score was not significantly associated with CRF at follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Clustering of Low Diet Quality, Low Physical Fitness, and Unhealthy Sleep Pattern and Its Association with Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

Shang

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The clustering of diet quality, physical activity, and sleep and its association with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains to be explored. We included 5315 children aged 6–13 years in the analysis. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, an average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. Low diet quality and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were more likely to be seen in a pair, but low diet quality was less likely to be clustered with unhealthy sleep patterns. Low diet quality, low CRF, and unhealthy sleep pattern was associated with a 0.63, 0.53, and 0.25 standard deviation (SD) higher increase in CMRS, respectively. Compared to children with no unhealthy factor (−0.79 SD), those with ≥1 unhealthy factor had a higher increase (−0.20 to 0.59 SD) in CMRS. A low diet quality-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in CMRS, blood pressure, and triglycerides. A low diet quality–low CRF-unhealthy sleep pattern resulted in the highest increase in fatness and fasting glucose. Unhealthy factor cluster patterns are complex; however, their positive associations with changes in CMR factors are consistently significant in children. Some specific patterns are more harmful than others for cardiometabolic health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Clustering of Low Diet Quality, Low Physical Fitness, and Unhealthy Sleep Pattern and Its Association with Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

Shang

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…This study provides the first Malaysian population estimates of HGS, a marker of overall muscle strength, dietary intakes and physical activity, and it tracked the changes of these variables over time in the same individuals from early adolescence (13 years) to middle (15 years) and late adolescence (17 years). Often, these cohort studies were analysed as cross-sectional looking either at a single nutrient (15) , on dietary pattern (16) , or adherence to Mediterranean diet only (14) . Furthermore, the longitudinal design of this study has allowed the researcher to investigate the longitudinal relationship between the key variables of interest.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cross-sectionally. Some dietary studies have shown beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (14) , while others have shown no effects of single nutrient (15) or food groups (16) on muscle strength. While a population-based cohort study had concluded lower physical activity is associated with lower hand grip strength (HGS) for both sexes (17) .…”

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confidence: 99%

The longitudinal relationship between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among adolescents

Hairi

Dahlui

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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The longitudinal relationship between muscle strength, dietary intake and physical activity among adolescents is not well understood. We investigated the trend and longitudinal effects of dietary intakes and physical activity scores on muscle strength in this adolescent. This prospective cohort study consisted of 436 adolescents (134 males; 302 females), aged 13 years at baseline (2012) and were followed up at the age of 15 (2014) and 17 (2016) years, respectively. We measured muscle strength using a calibrated hand dynamometer, estimated dietary intake with a seven-day dietary history and physical activity scores with validated PAQ-C questionnaire. A generalised estimating equation (GEE) used to examine the effect of dietary intakes and physical activity on muscle strength changes. The analysis was performed separately by sex. The muscle strength for males and females had increased within the five-year period. The dietary intakes (energy and macronutrients) also increased initially but plateaued after those aged 15 years for both sexes. Females recorded a significant declining trend in physical activity scores compared to male as they grew older. A significant positive longitudinal relationship was found between protein (β=0.035; p=0.016), carbohydrate intake (β=0.002; p=0.013) and muscle strength among males. However, no longitudinal relationship was found between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among females. Higher protein and carbohydrate intake among males were associated with higher muscle strength but was not observed in females. Nutrition and physical activity focusing on strength building are required in early adolescence and need to be tailored to males and females accordingly.

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“…PEDALS was designed to determine the prevalence of lifestyle behaviours in school children aged 9-11 years. Sample size calculation has been explained in detail in a previously published study [15]. Briefly, clustered sampling was used, and schools were considered as the sampling units.…”

Section: Sample Size Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two measurements were obtained, and a third measurement was taken if the first two readings differed by more than 0.5 cm. Weight and body composition were measured by a calibrated bioelectrical impedance analyser (BIA) (TBF-300A, Tanita, Japan) [15].…”

Section: Study Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Dietary Patterns and Indices of Arterial Stiffness and Central Arterial Wave Reflection in 9–11-Year-Old Children

et al. 2020

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Arterial stiffness is an important marker of vascular damage and a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given that pathophysiological processes leading to an increased arterial stiffness begin during childhood, the aim of this clustered observational study was to determine the relationship between modifiable factors including dietary patterns and indices of aortic arterial stiffness and wave reflection in 9–11-year-old children. Data collection was conducted between April and December 2015 in 17 primary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand. Dietary data were collected using a previously validated food frequency questionnaire and identified using principal component analysis method. Arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, PWV) and central arterial wave reflection (augmentation index, AIx) were measured using the SphygmoCor XCEL system (Atcor Medical, Sydney, Australia). Complete data for PWV and AIx analyses were available for 389 and 337 children, respectively. The mean age of children was 9.7 ± 0.7 years, 49.0% were girls and 76.0% were classified as “normal weight”. The two identified dietary patterns were “Snacks” and “Fruit and Vegetables”. Mean PWV and AIx were 5.8 ± 0.8 m/s and −2.1 ± 14.1%, respectively. There were no clinically meaningful relationships between the identified dietary pattern scores and either PWV or AIx in 9–11-year-old children.

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Dietary Patterns, Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in 9–11-Year-Old Children from Dunedin, New Zealand

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

The Clustering of Low Diet Quality, Low Physical Fitness, and Unhealthy Sleep Pattern and Its Association with Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

The Clustering of Low Diet Quality, Low Physical Fitness, and Unhealthy Sleep Pattern and Its Association with Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

The longitudinal relationship between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among adolescents

Relationships between Dietary Patterns and Indices of Arterial Stiffness and Central Arterial Wave Reflection in 9–11-Year-Old Children

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