Dietary patterns of antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid intake associated with bone mineral density: findings from post-menopausal Japanese female subjects

Abstract

The combination of vitamin C and β-cryptoxanthin may be associated with radial BMD in post-menopausal Japanese female subjects.

Current Evidence on the Association of Dietary Patterns and Bone Health: A Scoping Review

“…Results showed that the retinol pattern, determined by a high intake of preformed retinol, zeaxanthin, vitamin E, lutein, vitamin C, and b-carotene antioxidants, was negatively associated with BMD (18). In contrast, the b-cryptoxanthin pattern, rich in b-cryptoxanthin and vitamin C (18), and the dietary pattern high in folate; total fiber; vitamin B-6; potassium; vitamins A, C, and K; b-carotene; magnesium; copper; and manganese (21) were positively associated with BMD. The nutrient-dense dietary pattern high in all macro-and micronutrients, especially manganese, potassium, phosphorous, calcium, iron, vitamin B-12, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, and alcohol, and the southwestern French dietary pattern, reflecting high consumption of proteins, fats, alcohol, phosphorous, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, and retinol, were associated with a lower risk of fractures (33).…”

“…Studies were conducted in >20 countries: Australia (16,44), Brazil (24), Canada (25,26,32), China (22,28,30,34,49,55), France (33,56), Greece (14), Iran (20,21,48), Ireland (19), Italy (38), Japan (13,18,31), Korea (23,27,29,40,43,53,54), Netherlands (51), Norway (45), Portugal (41,60), Scotland (17), Spain (47), Sweden (59), United Kingdom (15,39), United States (35-37, 42, 46, 52, 58), and 10 European countries (57).…”

“…The most frequent measurement sites were lumber spine (14-24, 37, 39, 40, 48, 49), femoral neck (15, 17, 19-22, 25, 36, 37, 40, 48, 49, 51), and total body (22,23,39,44,46,49,50). Some studies also measured BMD at the trochanter (22,36,37,49), Ward's area (22,36,49), total hip (15,16,39), distal radius (13,39,41,60), radius shaft (18,36,39), total femur (24,37), calcaneus (43,47), intertrochanteric area (49), distal ulna (13), whole arm, whole leg and whole pelvis (23), distal and ultradistal forearm (45), and distal tibia and tibia shaft (38). Bone mineral content (BMC) also was measured in some studies (n = 7) (13,14,16,19,(42)(43)(44).…”

“…Similarity measurements to indicate food-group intake were daily intake as weight (grams) (energy-adjusted or -nonadjusted), frequency (servings per day, week, or month), percentage of total energy intake contribution, or percentage of total protein intake contribution in different studies. Four studies included bone-related nutrient or antioxidant intake as an alternative for food items in dietary pattern analysis (18,21,33,38). Food items (or nutrients) with higher loading factors in pattern represented the dietary pattern components (Supplemental Table 1 and Supplemental Table 2).…”

“…Three studies derived nutrient dietary patterns with the use of factor analysis and examined their relation with bone outcomes (18,21,33). Results showed that the retinol pattern, determined by a high intake of preformed retinol, zeaxanthin, vitamin E, lutein, vitamin C, and b-carotene antioxidants, was negatively associated with BMD (18).…”