Dietary Phosphilipids and Sterols Protective against Peptic Ulceration

Abstract

The prevalence of duodenal ulceration in regions of developing countries with a stable diet is related to the staple food(s) in that diet. A higher prevalence occurs in areas where the diet is principally milled rice, refined wheat or maize, yams, cassava, sweet potato or green bananas, and a lower prevalence in areas where the staple diet is based on unrefined wheat or maize, soya, certain millets or certain pulses. Experiments using animal peptic ulcer models showed that the lipid fraction in foods from the staple diets of low prevalence areas gave protection against both gastric and duodenal ulceration, including ulceration due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and also promoted healing of ulceration. The protective activity was found to lie in the phospholipid, sterol and sterol ester fractions of the lipid. Amongst individual phospholipids present in the phospholipid fraction, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (cephalin) and phosphatidyl choline (Lecithin) predominated. The sterol fraction showing activity contained β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and an unidentified isomer of β-sitosterol. The evidence shows that dietary phytosterols and phospholipids, both individually and in combination, have a protective effect on gastroduodenal mucosa. These findings may prove to be important in the prevention and management of duodenal and gastric ulceration including ulceration due to NSAIDs.

IsHelicobacter pyloriInfection the Primary Cause of Duodenal Ulceration or a Secondary Factor? A Review of the Evidence

“…A more important and universal factor is the presence or absence of protective substances in the diet which protect the mucosa. The geographical differences in the prevalence of duodenal ulceration [94–98], which are unrelated to the prevalence of H. pylori infection, do bear relationship to the content of protective lipids in the staple diets (certain phospholipids and sterols) [99, 100]. These could also account for the appearance of duodenal ulceration at the beginning of the twentieth century which coincided with the introduction of roller milling resulting in the increasing refinement of wheat, maize, and rice and the removal of these protective lipids.…”

Evaluation of the safety, gastroprotective activity and mechanism of action of standardised leaves infusion extract of Copaifera malmei Harms

“…Flavonoids exhibit anti-inflammatory action and induce angiogenesis and cell proliferation in addition to their gastroprotective effects (Vasconcelos et al, 2010). Sterols have been reported to have a cytoprotective effect on the gastroduodenal mucosa (Tovey et al, 2013).…”

Volume 34 Number 3

“…Australian birth cohort study has also found that more wheezing illness in infants is caused by HRV than RSV 36 .…”

“…The current chemotherapeutic regimes used to treat HL are also associated with an increased risk of the development of secondary cancers and strategies to reduce the dependence of the current level of chemotherapy are under development, particularly for children 30 . EBV-associated HL, often when refractory to chemotherapy, has also been successfully treated with adoptive cellular therapy 29,[31][32][33][34][35][36] . While initial studies focussed on the LCL-based approach used to treat PTLD, more recent approaches have specifically targeted the induction of T cells specific for EBNA1 and LMP1&2 37 .…”

“…For example, the presence or absence of protective substances in staple diets including certain phospholipids, sterols, and sterol ester fractions in lipids, which protect the gastric mucosa, has been related to geographical differences in the prevalence of duodenal ulceration 36 . These substances have been shown to exert protective activities against both gastric and duodenal ulceration, including NSAIDs-associated ulceration, and also promote healing of ulceration 36 .…”