Dietary Phospholipids and Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption

Cohn, Jeffrey S.; Kamili, Alvin; Wat, Elaine; Chung, Rosanna W.S.; Tandy, Sally

doi:10.3390/nu2020116

Cited by 212 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is well known that eggs, meat, fish, shellfish, cereal grains, and oilseeds contain relatively high amounts of PL, while leafy vegetables, fruits, and tubers contain relatively low levels (4,36). Even though these types of food contribute to PC supply, they also contain PE, LPC, and SM whereas they are scarce in PI and PS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantities of Phospholipid Molecular Classes in Japanese Meals and Prediction of Their Sources by Multiple Regression Analysis

Shirouchi

Yamanaka

Tanaka

et al. 2018

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PL intake is estimated to be 2-4 g per day (1-3), which amounts to approximately 10% of total dietary lipids (4,5). Growing evidence indicates that dietary PLs have beneficial effects compared with dietary triacylglycerols (TAGs), including prevention of dyslipidemia (6)(7)(8)(9) and fatty liver disease (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantities of Phospholipid Molecular Classes in Japanese Meals and Prediction of Their Sources by Multiple Regression Analysis

Shirouchi

Yamanaka

Tanaka

et al. 2018

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

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“…Animal cells lack cell walls, and their phospholipid membranes are efficiently hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, liberating the cell content into the gut lumen [43]. Processing of animal foods (e.g.…”

Section: Acellular Nutrients -A Major Shift In Our Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease

Zinöcker¹,

Lindseth²

2018

Preprint

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Abstract:The dietary pattern that characterizes the Western diet is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, but biological mechanisms supporting these associations remain largely unknown. We argue that the Western diet is promoting inflammation that arises from both structural and behavioral changes in the resident microbiome. The environment created in the gut by ultra-processed foods, a hallmark of the Western diet, is an evolutionarily unique selection ground for microbes that can promote diverse forms of inflammatory disease. Recognizing the importance of the microbiome in the development of diet-related disease has implications for future research, public dietary advice as well as food production practices. Research into food patterns suggest that whole foods is a common denominator of diets associated with a low level of diet-related disease. Hence, by studying how ultra-processing changes properties of whole foods and how these foods affect the gut microbiome, more useful dietary guidelines can be made. Innovations in food production should be focusing on enabling health in the super-organism of man and microbe, and stronger regulation of potentially hazardous components of food products is warranted.

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“…Free inositol is extensively absorbed (> 90 %, according to Nahapetian and Young, 1980) by active transport in the small intestine (Caspary and Crane, 1970). Inositol from dietary phosphoinositol, a minor component of phospholipids, is similarly absorbed extensively as lysophosphatidylinositol after removal of the fatty acid at the syn-2 position of glycerol by pancreatic phospholipases (Cohn et al, 2010). The bioavailability of myo-inositol from inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid) is very limited and depends on a variety of factors, for example phytate solubility, minerals, plant phytases, intestinal microbial phytases, supplemented phytases, and food processing (Nolan et al, 1987;Sandberg et al, 1989;Sakamoto et al, 1993;Sandberg, 2002;Sandberg and Andlid, 2002;Abebe et al, 2007;Kumar et al, 2012).…”

Section: Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Excretion (Adme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of inositol as a feed additive for fish, dogs and cats

2014

EFS2

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Inositol is an essential micronutrient for salmon, carp, tilapia and shrimps, particularly juveniles. This conclusion is extended to all fish and crustaceans. The requirements differ among species and may be in the range of 250-500 mg/kg complete feed for fish. The use of inositol in feed for fish and crustaceans is considered safe at the recommended levels; setting a maximum content is not considered necessary. Based on the study provided in dogs, it was not possible to (i) demonstrate the essentiality of dietary inositol for dogs and (ii) conclude on the safety of dietary inositol at the recommended use levels of between 500 and 3 000 mg/kg. The FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the efficacy and safety of inositol for cats. Supplementing feed for fish and crustaceans will not substantially increase the exposure of the consumer to inositol. Considering dietary exposure and endogenous synthesis of inositol, the additional exposure from fish fed an inositol-supplemented diet is of no concern for consumer safety. Considering the potential inhalation exposure upon handling the additive and the absence of data on inhalation toxicity, the FEEDAP Panel concludes that inhalation exposure from handling inositol could be hazardous. In the absence of data, inositol should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes and as a skin sensitiser. Inositol occurs naturally in the environment, particularly in plants. The use of inositol in fish nutrition is not expected to substantially increase the concentration in the environment. Consequently, the supplementation of fish feed with inositol does not pose a risk to the environment. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of inositol as a nutritional additive to feed and water for drinking for all animal species.Inositol, a carbocyclic polyol, is a sugar-like carbohydrate synthesised by most plants and animals. Inositol contributes to biological processes in almost all tissues, and is a precursor of phosphatidylinositol, an important component of biological membranes and lung surfactant. Inositol plays an important role as the structural basis for a number of secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells (e.g. inositol 1,4,5,-triphosphate).Inositol is an essential micronutrient for salmon, carp, tilapia and shrimps, particularly juveniles. This conclusion is extended to all fish and crustaceans. The requirements differ among species and may be in the range of 250-500 mg/kg complete feed for fish. The use of inositol in feed for fish and crustaceans is considered safe at the recommended levels; setting a maximum content is not considered necessary.Based on the study provided in dogs, it was not possible to (i) demonstrate the essentiality of dietary inositol for dogs and (ii) conclude on the safety of dietary inositol at the recommended use levels of between 500 and 3 000 mg/kg. The FEEDAP Panel is ...

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Dietary Phospholipids and Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption

Cited by 212 publications

References 46 publications

Quantities of Phospholipid Molecular Classes in Japanese Meals and Prediction of Their Sources by Multiple Regression Analysis

Quantities of Phospholipid Molecular Classes in Japanese Meals and Prediction of Their Sources by Multiple Regression Analysis

The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of inositol as a feed additive for fish, dogs and cats

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Dietary Phospholipids and Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption

Cited by 212 publications

References 46 publications

Quantities of Phospholipid Molecular Classes in Japanese Meals and Prediction of Their Sources by Multiple Regression Analysis

Quantities of Phospholipid Molecular Classes in Japanese Meals and Prediction of Their Sources by Multiple Regression Analysis

The Western Diet&ndash;Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of inositol as a feed additive for fish, dogs and cats

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Product

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The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease