Dietary phosphorus deficiency impaired growth, intestinal digestion and absorption function of meat ducks

Abstract

ObjectiveAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) deficiency on intestinal pH value, digestive enzyme activity, morphology, nutrient utilization, and gene expression of NaPi-IIb in meat ducks from 1 to 21 d of age.MethodsA total of 525 one-d-old Cherry Valley ducklings were fed diets (with 7 pens of 15 ducklings, or 105 total ducklings, on each diet) with five levels of nPP (0.22%, 0.34%, 0.40%, 0.46%, or 0.58%) for 21 d in a completely randomized design. Five experimental diets contained a constant calcium (Ca) content of approximately 0.9%. Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were measured at 14 and 21 d of age. Ducks were sampled for duodenum and jejunum digestion and absorption function on 14 and 21 d. Nutrient utilization was assessed using 25- to 27-d-old ducks.ResultsThe results showed ducks fed 0.22% nPP had lower (p<0.05) growth performance and nutrient utilization and higher (p<0.05) serum Ca content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When dietary nPP levels were increased, BW (d 14 and 21), BWG and FI (all intervals), and the serum phosphorus (P) content linearly and quadratically increased (p<0.05); and the jejunal pH value (d 14), duodenal muscle layer thickness (d 14), excreta dry matter, crude protein, energy, Ca and total P utilization linearly increased (p<0.05); however, the serum ALP activity, jejunal Na+-K+-ATPase activity, and duodenal NaPi-IIb mRNA level (d 21) linearly decreased (p<0.05).ConclusionThe results indicated that ducks aged from 1 to 21 d fed diets with 0.22% nPP had poor growth performance related to poor intestinal digestion and absorption ability; but when fed diets with 0.40%, 0.46%, and 0.58% nPP, ducks presented a better growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption function.

Dietary resistant potato starch improves growth performance and feather development in Pekin ducks fed a low phosphorus diet

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that reduced dietary nPP levels can decrease growth performance and nutrient availability in poultry ( Adeola, 2018 ; Xu et al., 2019 ), consistent with the findings of the present study. One reason for the decrease in the growth performance of ducks fed a P-deficient diet was the higher Ca: nPP ratio in such diets.…”

“…Phosphorus is one of the most important minerals in poultry diets to obtain optimal productivity. In our previous study, Xu et al. (2019) found that a low nonphytate phosphorus ( nPP ) diet damaged the intestinal digestion and absorption function in Pekin duck, and low dietary nPP contents (0.22% nPP) affected the diversity of cecal microbiota and had a significant effect in modifying the bacterial community in the ceca of ducks ( Dai et al., 2018 ), which indicated that dietary P deficiency impaired the structure and function of cecal microbiome as well as intestinal health of ducks.…”

Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on Productive Performance, Carcass and Tibia Characteristics of Sudani Ducklings

“…These results are similar with Xie et al (2009) who stated that diet contained 0.806 % Ca plus 0.403 % non-phytate phosphorus could attained the highest daily BWG and the best FCR for White Pekin ducks through the first 6 wks-old. Xu et al (2019) also showed that ducklings fed 0.22% P had minimal (P<0.05) growth while when dietary non-phytate phosphorus levels were increased led to increased (P <0.05) LBW at 14 and 21 days and BWG. Inversely, Papesova et al (2008); Nawaz et al (2008) and Rao et al (2008) mentioned non-significant improvement in BWG in birds fed low level of Ca and P. Generally, Macari et al (2002) affirmed that the optimum balance between Ca and P requirements, and their metabolic relation, provide preferable performance and development.…”

“…Also, when ducklings fed a diet that P deficiency, effect on their gut microbial communities efficiency, that convert more need to obtain P phytate (Dai et al, 2018), requiring that more energy is spent on the life maintenance and decrease available energy to growth (Zeng et al, 2015). These results are harmony with Xu et al (2019) who announced, ducklings fed 0.22% P had lower feed intake and nutrients utilization, while increasing dietary levels of non-phytate phosphorus led to increase (P<0.05) feed intake and improve FCR.…”

Estimated intestinal absorption of phosphorus and its deposition in chosen tissues, bones and feathers of chickens receiving chromium picolinate or chromium nanoparticles in diet

“…Available literature data show that corticosterone reduces absorption of phosphates into the enterocytes and then into the bloodstream [23], but this effect was not noted in our study. Intestinal absorption and accumulation of phosphates in tissues may also be regulated by other hormones, including PTH, insulin, and dopamine, whose secretion is influenced by Cr [23,40]. Our previous research [5] has shown that the addition of Cr to the diet of chickens in the form of both Cr-Pic and Cr-NP increases insulin secretion, while the addition of Cr in the form of Cr-NP increases plasma dopamine levels.…”