Dietary Phylloquinone Depletion and Repletion in Older Women

Booth, Sarah L.; Martini, Lígia Araújo; Peterson, James W.; Saltzman, Edward; Dallal, Gerard E.; Wood, Richard J.

doi:10.1093/jn/133.8.2565

Cited by 111 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

104

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…According to DRIs for Japanese (2015), the AI of vitamin K for Japanese men and women aged over 18 y was set at 150 mg/d in terms of maintaining blood coagulation (3). However, a previous study suggested that the amount of vitamin K required for maintaining bone health is higher than the amount required for blood coagulation (6). Indeed, in our previous study, the serum concentrations of undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) in healthy postmenopausal Japanese women with around 250 mg/d of vitamin K intake were nearly at fracture-inducing levels of ucOC.…”

Section: S140mentioning

confidence: 73%

Osteoporosis and Lifestyle

Ishimi

2015

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing each year, and fractures are the third-highest cause for becoming bedridden, the maintenance of healthy bones is an important factor in extending a person's healthy lifespan. Skeletal tissue is formed during the first two decades of life; then a constant bone mass is maintained until 40 y of age. In the case of women, the bone mass is rapidly reduced at menopause at around 50 y of age. After that, bone mass slowly decreases in both men and women who have passed the 70-y-old mark (Fig. 1).In the postmenopausal bone tissue, high bone turnover is observed because the bone resorption rate is higher than the bone formation rate, thereby causing a decrease in bone mass. This phenomenon is mainly attributable to estrogen deficiency, which protects osteoclast activity involving bone resorption (1).Bone mass is influenced by many factors, such as nutrition, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake as well as by genetic factors. The nutritional requirement for maintaining bone health is the most important factor for prevention of osteoporosis. Adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K and protein is essencial for preserve healthy bone. Furhermore, recently some functional food components such as isoflavones, milk basic protein (MBP) and omega-3 fatty acid have come to be considered as potentially effective ingredients for bone health. Definition of OsteoporosisThe National Institute of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference adopted the definition of osteoporosis as a skeletal disorder that is characterized by compromised bone strength leading to a predisposition for and an increased risk of fracture (2). Seventy percent of bone strength is determined by bone mineral density and 30% by bone quality factors such as matrix protein, bone turnover rate, micro-structures, micro-fractures and calcification. Effects of Diets/Nutrients on Bone Mass Calcium and vitamin DSkeletal tissue consists of bone matrix proteins (e.g., collagen) and minerals (e.g., calcium and phosphorus). Therefore, it is obvious that protein and minerals, especially calcium, are important nutrients for the prevention of osteoporosis. More than 99% of the body's calcium is found in the skeletal tissue and in the teeth. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium, based on the estimated average requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Japanese (2015), is 650 mg/d for adult men and women (30-49 y old) (3).Vitamin D stimulates calcium absorption in the intestine and induces calcium re-absorption in the distal tubules of the kidneys. Vitamin D promotes bone formation indirectly via calcium in normocalcemic conditions. On the other hand, when the dietary calcium is low, serum calcium will decrease and the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH) 2D, is needed to mobilize calcium from bone promptly. Thus, bone resorption is the direct action on bone of vitamin D. 1,25(OH)2D also increases calcium absorption in the intestine as well as the kidneys, and normalizes calcium balance. The adequate ...

show abstract

Section: S140mentioning

confidence: 73%

Osteoporosis and Lifestyle

Ishimi

2015

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is therefore possible that current recommended intakes, although adequate to maintain full carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins (Suttie et al, 1988), are insufficient to maintain other VKD proteins, including osteocalcin, in the fully carboxylated state (Binkley et al, 2000(Binkley et al, , 2002Booth et al, 2003b). Partly in recognition of this, recommended intakes in the United States have recently been increased to 90 and 120 mg/day for women and men, respectively (Institute of Medicine, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stable isotope method for the simultaneous measurement of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) kinetics and absorption

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To measure uptake and disposal kinetics and absolute absorption of vitamin K 1 using two stable isotope-labelled forms of vitamin K 1 . Subjects: Ten subjects (nine women and one man) aged between 22 and 31 years, with a mean (7standard deviation) body mass index of 22.572.4 kg/m 2 . Subjects took capsules containing 3 mg of methyl-13 C vitamin K 1 , three times a day for six days to reach a steady state for plasma vitamin K 1 isotopic enrichment. On day seven, subjects were given an intravenous dose of Konakion MM to measure disposal kinetics and at the same time, a capsule containing 4 mg of ring-D 4 vitamin K 1 to measure absorption. Plasma vitamin K 1 concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and isotopic composition by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results: The disposal kinetics of the intravenous dose of vitamin K 1 were resolved into two exponentials with half-times of 0.22 (70.14) and 2.66 (71.69) h. Absorption of oral, deuterated vitamin K 1 was 13 (79) %. Conclusions: Two-compartmental kinetic parameters observed in this study are similar to those obtained previously using radioactive tracers, but there may be additional slow-turnover body pools acting as stores of vitamin K 1 . The kinetic parameters determined from the intravenous dose allowed determination of the absolute absorption of vitamin K 1 from a bolus oral dose.

show abstract

“…ucOC concentration in serum has been proposed as a sensitive biomarker of vitamin K status, possibly more informative than prothrombin measurement, which assesses hepatic vitamin K status only, and plasma phylloquinone, which is responsive to recent diet [3,7,8] . The responsiveness of the carboxylation status of osteocalcin to vitamin K depletion and repletion has been demonstrated in several trials [9][10][11] . Elevated concentrations of ucOC are associated with increased hip fracture risk [12][13][14] and reduced bone mineral density [15,16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and Correlates of Serum Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aims: To assess dietary and nondietary determinants of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) as a measure of vitamin K status. Methods: UcOC and total intact osteocalcin (iOC) concentrations were determined by specific ELISA tests in serum samples of 231 male and 320 female participants (18–81 years) of the representative, cross-sectional Bavarian Food Consumption Survey II. Determinants of ucOC were investigated by analysis of variance, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and logistic regression models. Results: Mean ucOC serum concentration was 2.46 ng/ml in men and 2.34 ng/ml in women. Corresponding means of the ratio of ucOC to iOC (ucOC/iOC) were 0.28 and 0.29. Concentrations of ucOC and iOC, as well as the ratio of ucOC/iOC, strongly depended on the participant’s age. UcOC was influenced by smoking status, sports activity, and the season when blood was collected. Dietary intake of the dominant vitamin K sources, green leafy vegetables and dairy products, as well as the plasma concentration of the carotenoid lutein were inversely associated with serum ucOC values. Conclusions: In studies using serum ucOC as a measure of vitamin K supply, determinants, especially age, need to be taken into account.

show abstract

Dietary Phylloquinone Depletion and Repletion in Older Women

Cited by 111 publications

References 20 publications

Osteoporosis and Lifestyle

Osteoporosis and Lifestyle

A stable isotope method for the simultaneous measurement of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) kinetics and absorption

Determinants and Correlates of Serum Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About