Dietary polyphenols are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Polish adults of the HAPIEE study

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenol intake and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based survey including 8821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Kraków, Poland. Dietary polyphenol intake was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires and matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSignificant differences in age and energy intake among different categories of total dietary polyphenol intake were found. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly lower among individuals in the higher quartiles of polyphenol intake, but a linear association was found only for BMI and WC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile of polyphenol intake were less likely to have MetS (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.64, 0.98 and OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86 for both men and women, respectively). High total polyphenol intake was negatively associated with WC, blood pressure, high lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in women, and fasting plasma glucose in both genders. Among individual classes of polyphenols, phenolic acids and stilbenes were significantly associated with MetS; lignans and stilbenes with WC; phenolic acids with blood pressure and triglycerides; and flavonoids with fasting plasma glucose. Among specific subclasses of polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and dihydrochalcones had the most relevant role.ConclusionsTotal and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenols were inversely associated with MetS and some of its components.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Nutraceutical Value of Citrus Flavanones and Their Implications in Cardiovascular Disease

“…Grosso et al published a cohort study in 2016 on another 10,000 Polish subjects, demonstrating an interesting inverse association between polyphenols and metabolic syndrome, which is particularly evident in individuals with the biggest intake of these [22]. …”

Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries

“…Daily consumption of (poly)phenols has been related to reduction of inflammation, hypertension, risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer [18,19,20,21,22]. An essential part of the scientific research in vivo is represented by the investigation of the absorption, metabolism and bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds after human intake.…”

Hydroxycinnamic acids and human health: recent advances

“…72 HCA intake was also associated with lower odds of depression in an Italian cohort, although not in a linear dependence on concentration, 73 and with lower odds of developing metabolic syndrome in a Polish cohort. 74 Other two studies conducted in Iran showed no association between phenolic acid intake and metabolic syndrome; 75,76 however, the reported intake of phenolic acids in the Iranian studies was much lower than that in the Polish study. 74 A reduced risk of diabetes in elderly persons at high risk of CVD was associated with a high intake of total polyphenols in a Spanish cohort.…”

“…flavonoids, have a much longer research history in terms of epidemiological evidence of their health effects. [64][65][66] Regarding phenolic acids, recent cohort studies ( Table 2) have focused mainly on cardiovascular disease (CVD), [67][68][69] hypertension, [70][71][72] depression, 73 metabolic syndrome, [74][75][76] diabetes, 77 and colorectal cancer. 78 A higher intake of polyphenols was associated with a statistically significant decrease in CVD risk in two studies from France and Spain, 67,69 whereas no association was found in the third.…”