Dietary Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

Álvarez‐Mercado, Ana I.; Plaza‐Díaz, Julio

doi:10.3390/nu14204285

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This was done to assess compliance by comparing the number of tablets provided and returned. DMB was administered as an adjuvant medical-nutritional treatment [41,42,45].…”

Section: Experimental Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and human proteolysis-inducing factor/dermcidin (PIF) were determined and analyzed as previously described [41,42,45].…”

Section: Plasma Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electric-induced taste stimulus (taste acuity) was measured by electrogustometry as described previously [41,45].…”

Section: Electrical Taste Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a novel food rich in miraculin on the oral microbiome of malnourished oncologic patients with dysgeusia

Plaza-Diaz,

Ruiz-Ojeda,

López-Plaza

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Dysgeusia contributes to the derangement of nutritional status in patients with cancer, as well as worsening the quality of life. The pharmaceutical industry has failed to provide effective treatments for patients suffering from taste disorders. The present study provided a novel strategy to reduce side effects in patients with cancer through the administration of a novel food supplement approved by the European Union, Dried Miracle Berries (DMB), containing the taste-modifying glycoprotein miraculin, as an adjuvant to medical-nutritional treatment. This was done in a pilot randomized, parallel, triple-blind, and placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial in which 31 malnourished patients with cancer and dysgeusia receiving antineoplastic treatment were randomized into three arms [standard dose of DMB (150 mg DMB/tablet), high dose of DMB (300 mg DMB/tablet) or placebo (300 mg freeze-dried strawberry)] for three months. Patients consumed a DMB or placebo tablet before each main meal. Using the Nanopore methodology, we analyzed the oral microbiome of patients with cancer using saliva samples. All patients with cancer and dysgeusia had dysbiosis in terms of lower bacterial diversity and richness. DMB consumption was associated with changes in oral microbiome composition. Neither selected bacteria, nor taste perception, type of diet, and cytokine levels were associated with mucositis. Likewise, alcohol and tobacco consumption as well as general and digestive toxicity due to systemic therapy was not associated to specific changes of the oral microbiota. The standard dose of DMB resulted in a greater relative abundance ofEnterococcusand a lower abundance ofVeillonellacompared with the high DMB dose and placebo. In particular, some species such asGranulicatella elegans,Granulicatella adiacens,Streptococcus mutans, andGemella morbillorumshowed higher relative abundances in the DMB standard-dose group; in contrast,Streptococcus parasanguinis,Veillonella parvula,Streptococcus australis, andStreptococcus cristatuswere less abundant. Additionally, the consumption of a standard dose of DMB revealed a negative association between the concentrations of TNF-α and the abundance of species such asStreptococcus thermophilus,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Streptococcus dysgalactiaeandStreptococcus agalactiae.Accordingly, regular DMB consumption changed the oral microbiome in patients with cancer and dysgeusia, which may contribute to maintaining an appropriate immune response without changing taste perception. However, as the present pilot study involved a small number of participants, further studies are necessary draw robust conclusions from the data.HighlightsPatients with cancer and dysgeusia exhibit a dysbiotic state in terms of bacterial diversity and richness.The regular consumption of a standard dose of Dried Miracle Berries (DMB), rich in miraculin, before each main meal for three months as an adjuvant to medical-nutritional treatment, improves the oral microbiome composition in malnourished patients with cancer and dysgeusia.Several species i.e.,Granulicatella elegans,Granulicatella adiacens,Streptococcus mutans, andGemella morbillorum, show higher relative abundances in the DMB standard-dose group; in contrast,Streptococcus parasanguinis,Veillonella parvula,Streptococcus australis, andStreptococcus cristatusare less abundantDMB consumption is negatively associated with some species ofStreptococcusand TNF-α concentrations in malnourished patients with cancer and dysgeusia.Neither of the highly represented bacteria are associated with the presence or absence of mucositis, digestive toxicity, or tobacco use and alcohol consumption or a change in taste perception at the end of the intervention.

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“…This was done to assess compliance by comparing the number of tablets provided and returned. DMB was administered as an adjuvant medical-nutritional treatment [41,42,45].…”

Section: Experimental Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and human proteolysis-inducing factor/dermcidin (PIF) were determined and analyzed as previously described [41,42,45].…”

Section: Plasma Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a novel food rich in miraculin on the oral microbiome of malnourished oncologic patients with dysgeusia

Plaza-Diaz,

Ruiz-Ojeda,

López-Plaza

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…SCFAs consist of free fatty acids with two to five carbons, such as acetic acid, propanoic acid, and butyric acid, participating in signal transmission, nutrition provision and many other healthy protection functions in human body [ 39 ]. During these processes, polysaccharides are involved in the balance of the gut microbiota and host as a kind of prebiotic [ 40 ]. In turn, the gut microbiota can influence the host digestive efficiency by altering the bioavailability of polysaccharides [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure–Activity Relationships

Zhang,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease worldwide. The disturbance of the gut microbiota has a complex influence on the development of DM. Polysaccharides are one type of the most important natural components with anti-diabetic effects. Gut microbiota can participate in the fermentation of polysaccharides, and through this, polysaccharides regulate the gut microbiota and improve DM. This review begins by a summary of the sources, anti-diabetic effects and the gut microbiota regulation functions of natural polysaccharides. Then, the mechanisms of polysaccharides in regulating the gut microbiota to exert anti-diabetic effects and the structure–activity relationship are summarized. It is found that polysaccharides from plants, fungi, and marine organisms show great hypoglycemic activities and the gut microbiota regulation functions. The mechanisms mainly include repairing the gut burrier, reshaping gut microbiota composition, changing the metabolites, regulating anti-inflammatory activity and immune function, and regulating the signal pathways. Structural characteristics of polysaccharides, such as monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and type of glycosidic linkage, show great influence on the anti-diabetic activity of polysaccharides. This review provides a reference for the exploration and development of the anti-diabetic effects of polysaccharides.

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“…The gut microbiota of mammals largely relies on dietary polysaccharides as an energy source, and most polysaccharides also require the participation of gut microbiota in degradation 18 . The dietary polysaccharides that reach the colon have a significant impact on the ecology and balance of gut microbiota 19 . Research has shown that AP can regulate the composition of gut microbiota, alter the concentration of short chain fatty acids in the intestinal lumen, improve chronic inflammation, and reduce intestinal permeability in high-fat induced mice 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple polysaccharide improves age-matched cognitive impairment and intestinal aging through microbiota-gut-brain axis

Zhang,

Zhong,

Wang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The Apple polysaccharides (AP), extracted from the fruit of apple, has been used to treat multiple pathological diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AP on cognitive impairment and intestinal aging in naturally aging mice. As a result, it was found that AP could improve spatial learning and memory impairment in aging mice through the Morris water maze experiment. Additionally, AP intervention can upregulate the expression of nerve growth factor (BDNF), postsynaptic marker (PSD95), and presynaptic marker (SYP) proteins. Moreover, AP can enhance total antioxidant capacity, reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, and inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. And the administration of AP restored intestinal mucosal barrier function, reduced the expression of aging and apoptosis related proteins. The administration of AP also altered the gut microbiota of mice. At the genus level, AP decreased the abundance of Helicobacter and Bilophila, while increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. In summary, these data demonstrate that AP treatment can alleviate cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, repair the intestinal mucosal barrier, reduce intestinal aging, and alter specific microbial characteristics, ultimately improving the health of the elderly.

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Dietary Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

Abstract: The intestinal microbiota is a community of microorganisms that subsists within the gastrointestinal ecosystem [...]

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of a novel food rich in miraculin on the oral microbiome of malnourished oncologic patients with dysgeusia

Effect of a novel food rich in miraculin on the oral microbiome of malnourished oncologic patients with dysgeusia

Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure–Activity Relationships

Apple polysaccharide improves age-matched cognitive impairment and intestinal aging through microbiota-gut-brain axis

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