Dietary Protein Affects Gene Expression and Prevents Lipid Accumulation in the Liver in Mice

Schwarz, Jessica; Tomé, Daniel; Baars, Annemarie M.; Hooiveld, Guido; Müller, Michael

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047303

Cited by 63 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Although there are some animal data suggesting that diets low in protein may increase the prevalence of obesity [71], evolutionary differences between humans and other animal species may explain our different metabolic response to dietary protein [72]. Rats [73] and mice [74] model experiments have shown that dairy protein rich diet reduces adiposity, which might be interpreted that the associations between dairy protein and overweight and obesity are not as strong as meat protein in this study. Our results show animal protein (excluding meat protein) is associated with the three stages of BMIs, but not as significantly as meat protein does may be because protein from dairy [73] and fish products [75] don't contribute to body weight increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Meat consumption providing a surplus energy in modern diet contributes to obesity prevalence: an ecological analysis

You

Henneberg

2016

BMC Nutr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Meat consumption providing a surplus energy in modern diet contributes to obesity prevalence: an ecological analysis

You

Henneberg

2016

BMC Nutr

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“…However, these results are different from the demonstrations in rodents, chickens, or humans reporting that high-protein (HP) diets induce downregulations of fatty acid biosynthesis in liver at both gene expression and enzymatic levels (1,2,7,56,64,67,87,90). Data from mice have shown that an increased flux of AAs reaching the hepatoportal area in HP diet conditions promotes AA catabolism and acetyl-CoA synthesis; however, it was suggested that the synthesized acetyl-CoA is either channeled into the TCA cycle or used for ␤-hydroxybutyrate production, but not converted to fatty acids through unknown reasons (64,72,92). Therefore, DNL rates might be lower or even absent after an HP diet (72).…”

Section: Hepatic Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Was More Responsive To Dietamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from mice have shown that an increased flux of AAs reaching the hepatoportal area in HP diet conditions promotes AA catabolism and acetyl-CoA synthesis; however, it was suggested that the synthesized acetyl-CoA is either channeled into the TCA cycle or used for ␤-hydroxybutyrate production, but not converted to fatty acids through unknown reasons (64,72,92). Therefore, DNL rates might be lower or even absent after an HP diet (72). On the basis of our results, we reason that, unlike rodents or humans, protein and AAs are more potent in stimulating hepatic lipogenesis compared with carbohydrate and glucose in rainbow trout, confirming the hypothesis of Tocher (85), who suggested that AAs are the preferred carbon source for lipogenesis in trout.…”

Section: Hepatic Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Was More Responsive To Dietamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis is more responsive to protein than carbohydrate in rainbow trout during acute stimulations

Dai

Panserat

Kaushik

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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(DNL) remains debatable in carnivorous fish. We aimed to evaluate and compare the response of hepatic lipogenic gene expression to dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose and dietary protein intake/amino acids (AAs) during acute stimulations using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. For the in vivo trial, three different diets and a controlledfeeding method were employed to supply fixed amount of dietary protein or carbohydrate in a single meal; for the in vitro trial, primary hepatocytes were stimulated with a low or high level of glucose (3 mM or 20 mM) and a low or high level of AAs (one-fold or four-fold concentrated AAs). In vitro data showed that a high level of AAs upregulated the expression of enzymes involved in DNL [fatty acid synthase (FAS) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)], lipid bioconversion [elongation of very long chain fatty acids like-5 (Elovl5), Elovl2, ⌬6 fatty acyl desaturase (D6D) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)], NADPH production [glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malic enzyme (ME)], and transcriptional factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1-like, while a high level of glucose only elevated the expression of ME. Data in trout liver also showed that high dietary protein intake induced higher lipogenic gene expression (FAS, ACLY, and Elovl2) regardless of dietary carbohydrate intake, while high carbohydrate intake markedly suppressed the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Elovl5. Overall, we conclude that, unlike rodents or humans, hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression in rainbow trout is more responsive to dietary protein intake/AAs than dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose during acute stimulations. This discrepancy probably represents one important physiological and metabolic difference between carnivores and omnivores. target of rapamycin; fatty acid biosynthesis; lipogenesis; protein; carbohydrate; rainbow trout DE NOVO LIPOGENESIS (DNL) is the metabolic pathway that synthesizes fatty acids from excess carbon donors; these fatty acids can then be converted into triglycerides, the major energy storage form in vertebrates (43,83,85). In mammals, hepatic lipogenesis is very responsive to dietary modifications (40). Consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates stimulates the lipogenic pathway, whereas consumption of a diet rich in lipids and poor in carbohydrates, or rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases this metabolic pathway (40,86). A highcarbohydrate diet can induce hyperglycemia, thereby stimulating lipogenesis via several mechanisms (40). First, by being glycolytically converted to acetyl-CoA, glucose provides substrate for fatty acid synthesis. Secondly, glucose stimulates glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression (24). Finally, glucose stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas, thereby activating insulin/Akt signaling pathway (40, 69), which stimulates hepatic lipogenesis via the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) (32). Regarding dietary protein, rodent data showed that the meta...

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“…In fact, such diets have been shown to increase satiety, to modify lipid metabolism, and to facilitate short-and middle-term weight reduction (24,61,72). However, the consequences on gut microbiota composition, on microbial-derived metabolites in the large intestine luminal content, and on colonocyte epithelial cell metabolic capacities have been little studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

Liu

Blouin

Santacruz

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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AM. Highprotein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307: G459-G470, 2014. First published June 26, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00400.2013.-High-protein diets are used for body weight reduction, but consequences on the large intestine ecosystem are poorly known. Here, rats were fed for 15 days with either a normoproteic diet (NP, 14% protein) or a hyperproteichypoglucidic isocaloric diet (HP, 53% protein). Cecum and colon were recovered for analysis. Short-and branched-chain fatty acids, as well as lactate, succinate, formate, and ethanol contents, were markedly increased in the colonic luminal contents of HP rats (P Ͻ 0.05 or less) but to a lower extent in the cecal luminal content. This was associated with reduced concentrations of the Clostridium coccoides and C. leptum groups and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in both the cecum and colon (P Ͻ 0.05 or less). In addition, the microbiota diversity was found to be higher in the cecum of HP rats but was lower in the colon compared with NP rats. In HP rats, the colonic and cecal luminal content weights were markedly higher than in NP rats (P Ͻ 0.001), resulting in similar butyrate, acetate, and propionate concentrations. Accordingly, the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium monocarboxylate transporter 1 (which is increased by higher butyrate concentration) as well as the colonocyte capacity for butyrate oxidation were not modified by the HP diet, whereas the amount of butyrate in feces was increased (P Ͻ 0.01). It is concluded that an increased bulk in the large intestine content following HP diet consumption allows maintenance in the luminal butyrate concentration and thus its metabolism in colonocytes despite modified microbiota composition and increased substrate availability.protein; microbiota; SCFA; transport; metabolism HIGH-PROTEIN (HP) diets are commonly used for body weight loss (36,38). In fact, such diets have been shown to increase satiety, to modify lipid metabolism, and to facilitate short-and middle-term weight reduction (24,61,72). However, the consequences on gut microbiota composition, on microbial-derived metabolites in the large intestine luminal content, and on colonocyte epithelial cell metabolic capacities have been little studied.Increasing protein intake induces an increase in the proportion of nitrogenous compounds, mainly protein, peptides, and to a lesser extent amino acids, entering the large intestine (13,23,25,51,64). They are subjected to luminal proteolysis and subsequent metabolism by the large number of microorganisms of the large intestine microbiota (about 10 11 to 10 12 viable bacteria/g content) (29) leading to the production of numerous amino acid-derived metabolites (53), including phenols, indoles, amines, sulfide, ammonia, and monocarboxylic acids. Monocarboxylic acids include short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and several other organ...

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Dietary Protein Affects Gene Expression and Prevents Lipid Accumulation in the Liver in Mice

Cited by 63 publications

References 48 publications

Meat consumption providing a surplus energy in modern diet contributes to obesity prevalence: an ecological analysis

Meat consumption providing a surplus energy in modern diet contributes to obesity prevalence: an ecological analysis

Hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis is more responsive to protein than carbohydrate in rainbow trout during acute stimulations

High-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection

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