Dietary Protein From Different Sources Exerted a Great Impact on Lipid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Rat Liver

Abstract

Associations between meat diets and human health have been widely considered. In this study, we focused on long-term effects of different sources of meat protein on liver metabolic enzymes. For 90 days, rats were fed with semisynthetic diets that differed only with protein source. Casein was used as a reference and isolated soybean, fish, chicken, pork, and beef proteins were compared. Changes in liver proteome were determined by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). Fish and pork protein diets upregulated the gene expression involved in cholesterol synthesis and esterification, and pork protein diet also upregulated the gene expression of high-density lipoprotein receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Chicken, pork, and beef protein diets upregulated the gene expression involved in cholesterol reverse transport and bile acid production, which increased the total cholesterol level in the fish protein diet group. Total cholesterol levels in liver were lower in the pork and beef protein diet groups. Triglyceride levels in liver were lower in chicken, pork, and beef protein diet groups. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 was upregulated by chicken, pork and beef protein diets, and promoted the degradation and metabolism of triglyceride, resulting in lower triglyceride in the three diet groups. Meat proteins at a recommended level could be more conducive to cholesterol degradation, triglyceride decomposition, and energy balance maintenance at a healthy level. The findings give a new insight into the associations between meat diet intake and human health.

Effect of Xuanwei Ham Proteins with Different Ripening Periods on Lipid Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Gut Microbiota in Mice

“…An increasing body of research from recent years has shown that the intake, digestion, and absorption of dietary meat protein can significantly affect physiological functions and metabolic changes. [ 11–13,27 ] The results of this study indicate that compared with the XWH0 and XWH1 groups, the body weight gain and epididymal fat weight decreased after XWH2 and XWH3 intake, suggesting that the prolonging of ripening period of Xuanwei ham may affect its nutrient digestibility and fat accumulation. Casein intake has been reported to help prevent weight gain among the protein sources tested, [ 28,29 ] and was consistent with the body weight change in Casein group observed in this study.…”

“…[7] However, excessive intake of meat and processed meat may increase the risk of metabolic disorders and the intestinal microflora disorders. [8,9] Recent studies have indicated that not only the intake of meat protein from different sources can significantly affect the growth performance, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory immunity of the body, [10][11][12][13][14] but also the meat proteins by different processing methods can affect the digestion, absorption, and intestinal microbiota of host due to the different amino acid derivatives and oligopeptides metabolites. [15][16][17] Therefore, it is especially important to study the physiological function and nutrient metabolism of dietary meat proteins.…”

Identification of Timm13 protein translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane as a potential mediator of liver fibrosis based on bioinformatics and experimental verification

“…Interestingly, subsequent study showed that Timm13 highly predicted the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of basal breast cancer, and was identified as one of the essential genes for triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) through transcriptomics. In this mechanism, the targeted knockdown of Timm13 reduced the proliferation potential of the cell proteome and found that in the chicken, pork, beef and fish protein diet groups, the levels of translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane (Timm13, Timm8b and Timm9) were relatively low; thus, the meat protein diet could reduce the energy production level of the liver [44]. Recently, Kim et al found that Timm13 showed reduced expression in human Alzheimer's disease brain tissues [45].…”

Maternal Pea Protein Intake Provides Sex-Specific Protection against Dyslipidemia in Offspring from Obese Pregnancies

“…Both the source and amount of dietary protein have been shown to influence metabolic health in previous rodent studies [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. However, the majority of this work has been conducted in adult (mostly male) animals.…”