Dietary Protein Intake and Arginine Requirements in the Rat

Milner, John A.; Visek, Willard J.

doi:10.1093/jn/108.3.382

Cited by 38 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our present results demonstrate that substitution of ornithine for arginine in TPN does not support the enhanced growth of a transplantable Ward colon tumor. Although a biological mechanism cannot be determined from these results, the results agree with previously published results [12][13][14] that ornithine does not substitute for all cellular requirements of arginine. Ornithine has been reported to substitute for arginine for the normal urea cycle function while the effect on tumor protein synthesis and immune function has not been adequately investigated.…”

Section: Putrescinesupporting

confidence: 90%

Substituting ornithine for arginine in total parenteral nutrition eliminates enhanced tumor growth

Grossie

Nishioka

Ajani

et al. 1992

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may enhance the growth of some tumors: this enhanced growth is associated with an increase in the erythrocyte polyamine levels. The effect of arginine in TPN on tumor growth was compared with ornithine using rats with a transplantable Ward colon tumor. The relationship of circulating arginine, ornithine, glutamine, and polyamines with tumor growth was investigated. For rats fed chow ad libitum, increasing tumor weights were associated with a linear decrease in the plasma arginine levels which was consistently lower than that of age-matched non-tumor bearing (NTB) rats; ornithine and lysine levels were not affected. Subsequent experiments suggest that plasma glutamine levels were also lower in tumor bearing rats. Pair-fed NTB rats had reduced arginine but not glutamine levels in plasma. TPN regimens with arginine or with ornithine substituted for arginine at two levels (equimolar [Orn-Em] or isonitrogenous [Orn-IN]) were given to colon tumor bearing rats for 8 days. The final tumor weight of rats which received the arginine-containing regimen (19.8 +/- 5.7 g, n = 4) (P less than 0.05) was significantly greater than the tumor weight of rats fed chow ad libitum (12.1 +/- 3.3 g, n = 6). The final tumor weights of Orn-EM (11.2 +/- 2.6 g, n = 4) or Orn-IN (11.6 +/- 0.8 g, n = 6) were similar to the chow-fed controls. The plasma arginine levels were elevated, compared with the control, when arginine was present in the regimen. The plasma arginine levels of rats which received Orn-EM or Orn-IN were lower than the controls. The plasma ornithine levels were not affected by arginine in the regimen but were elevated with increasing levels of ornithine in TPN. Plasma glutamine levels were decreased when arginine was present in the regimen but were elevated when ornithine was substituted for arginine. Erythrocyte putrescine was increased when either arginine or ornithine was included in the TPN regimens. These results demonstrate that while arginine in a parenteral regimen stimulates tumor growth, substituting ornithine for arginine in TPN does not enhance the growth of a transplantable colon tumor.

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Section: Putrescinesupporting

confidence: 90%

Substituting ornithine for arginine in total parenteral nutrition eliminates enhanced tumor growth

Grossie

Nishioka

Ajani

et al. 1992

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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“…Citrul line required for this process is synthesized in small intestine, released into the blood and taken up by kidney. It has been shown that the daily production of arginine by the kidney is equal to the daily requirement of additional dietary arginine needed to achieve high growth rates in young rats [24]. An impaired uptake of citrulline by the kid ney, a decreased synthesis of arginine or an increased catabolism of arginine in young ferrets may explain the rapid development of hyperammonemia resulting from ingestion of an arginine-free diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Arginine-Free Diet on Urea Cycle Enzymes in Young and Adult Ferrets

Deshmukh

Rusk²

1989

Enzyme

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Young ferrets develop hyperammonemia soon after eating an arginine-free diet, whereas adult ferrets do not develop hyperammonemia after an identical treatment. Earlier reports indicate that young or adult rats do not develop hyperammonemia and encephalopathy after a single meal of an arginine-free diet. The effects of a single feeding of an argininefree diet on the urea cycle enzyme activities in the liver of young and adult ferrets is reported. Ornithine carbamyl transferase, carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine aminotransferase activities in the livers of adult ferrets were significantly higher than those in the livers of young ferrets. A single meal of an arginine-free diet did not alter the urea cycle enzyme activities in the liver of young or adult ferrets. The levels of urea cycle enzymes in the liver and kidney of young ferrets were comparable to those in rat liver and kidney. The results suggest that the hyperammonemia observed in young ferrets following a single meal of an arginine-free diet may not be due to the deficiency of enzyme activities.

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“…The results of body weight gain and organ weights have suggested that arginine-rich solution used in this experiment did not have a toxic effect. Furthermore, it is well known that arginine has an ability to stimulate urea cycle (14,15). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Phagocytosis of Rat Alveolar Macrophages by Intravenous Infusion of an Arginine-Enriched Solution.

Nii

Moriguchi

Kawaguchi

1992

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryPhagocytosis of rat alveolar macrophages (AM) was en hanced by the infusion of arginine-rich solution for 7 days. The enhance ment of phagocytosis by arginine-rich solution was due to not the differ ence in the distribution of AM subpopulations (I to IV) but the difference in phagocytic activity of AM in fraction IV. In the process of phagocy tosis, there were no significant differences in the stages of migration, attachment, and digestion between control and arginine-rich solutions, although AM from fraction IV of rats infused with arginine-rich solution showed significantly higher ingestion of opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC) compared to that of control group. Furthermore, the production of macrophage-activating factor (MAF) from rat splenocytes was higher in arginine-rich group than that of control group. AM from fraction IV of rats fed a stock diet had a higher arginase activity and showed a significant increase of Phagocytosis following in vitro incubation with L-arginine (25 and 50mM) for 24h. From these results, the enhanced phagocytosis of AM by arginine-rich solution may be due to the increased phagocytosis of AM from fraction IV, in which the higher sensitivity of AM from fraction IV to arginine and the higher production of MAF from splenocytes following the infusion of arginine-rich solution participate. Key Words arginine, phagocytosis, alveolar macrophages, macrophage activating factor, rats There have been many reports using arginine in a variety of experimental tumors (1, 2) and most of the reports describe favorable results in inhibitions of tumor growth and tumor induction by carcinogens. We have also reported that infusion of an arginine-rich (5%) solution suppresses the growth of tumor at early stage after inoculation and prevents metastases to the liver and kidney (3). Fur thermore, we have found that the inhibitory effect of arginine-rich solution on tumor growth is, in part, due to the activation of immune system such as T cell and macrophage functions by arginine (4). Barbul et al. have also reported that 1%

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Dietary Protein Intake and Arginine Requirements in the Rat

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Substituting ornithine for arginine in total parenteral nutrition eliminates enhanced tumor growth

Substituting ornithine for arginine in total parenteral nutrition eliminates enhanced tumor growth

Effects of Arginine-Free Diet on Urea Cycle Enzymes in Young and Adult Ferrets

Enhanced Phagocytosis of Rat Alveolar Macrophages by Intravenous Infusion of an Arginine-Enriched Solution.

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