Dietary protein restriction during lactation 
in primiparous sows with different live weights 
at farrowing: II. Consequences on reproductive performance and interactions with metabolic status

Quesnel, Hélène; Mejia-Guadarrama, C.A.; Pasquier, A.; Dourmad, Jean-Yves; Prunier, Armelle

doi:10.1051/rnd:2005005

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The greater the reserves are at farrowing, the higher they will be at weaning (Whittemore, 1996;Young et al, 2004;Clowes, 2006), which was confirmed in this study. The relationship observed between BW and BT at farrowing with greater losses during lactation confirms that the largest mobilization of reserves occurs in females that are heavier (Quesnel et al, 2005b) or fatter (Young et al, 2004) at parturition. This can be explained by the reduced feed intake in fat sows (Revell et al, 1998a;Young et al, 2004;Quesnel et al, 2005a), mainly during the first two weeks of lactation, which can be related to the circulating concentration or oxidation of NEFA and glycerol (Revell et al, 1998a) or to an insulin resistance state in heavy sows (Quesnel et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Bwf Classessupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Body reserves at farrowing may be protective against a reduction of feed intake during lactation (Clowes, 2006). Milk output (Revell et al, 1998b), ovarian function (Clowes et al, 2003b) and return to reproductive activity after weaning (Mullan and Williams, 1989;Quesnel et al, 2005b) can be affected by body condition at farrowing. In the present study, absolute body reserves at farrowing and at weaning were shown to be important for the increase of SLS, emphasizing that performance of primiparous sows is affected by the mobilization of body reserves, but the response is also determined by the amount of reserves present at the beginning of lactation (Mullan and Williams, 1989).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of protein mobilization altered the protease gene expression and the level of essential amino acid levels in triceps brachii muscle (Clowes et al, 2005). When embryonic survival is affected, both the uterine environment and the competence of the developing embryo may be involved (Willis et al, 2003) because altered gene expression at ovarian and/or uterine level can affect oocyte or embryo development (Clowes et al, 2003b;Quesnel et al, 2005b). The pattern of oviductal and uterine secretions can be modified and the developmental competence of the fertilized oocyte can be reduced if body reserves are greatly depleted (Foxcroft et al, 2007).…”

Section: Bwf Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body reserve mobilization during lactation in first parity sows and its effect on second litter size

et al. 2010

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sow body reserves at weaning and body reserve losses during the first lactation on the second litter size (SLS). A number of 1222 females which reached the second parity without failures such as return to estrus after insemination, abortion or failure to farrow, were analyzed. Measurements of body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BT) and body condition score (BCS) were taken within 24 h after farrowing and on the weaning day. Body fat and body protein mass at first weaning and their losses during lactation were estimated based on BW and BT. The lactation length, the weaningto-estrus interval (WEI) and the number of weaned piglets were on average 19.6 days, 5.5 days and 10.5 piglets, respectively. During lactation, the sows had on average a reduction of 18.6 kg (9%) in BW, 3.1 mm in BT and 0.8 in BCS. In the first and second farrowings there were on average 12.4 and 9.7 total born piglets, respectively. Females with more than 178 kg, BT ≥ 16 mm or body fat ≥ 21% at weaning had a higher SLS (P b 0.05). Sows with a lipid:protein ratio at weaning N 1.40 had more piglets (P b 0.05) than those with a ratio b 1.22. Females in the categories of high BCS (≥ 3.0) or high body protein (N 15%) at weaning had more piglets in the second birth compared to females with a BCS ≤ 2 or body protein ≤ 14% (P b 0.05). Smaller SLS (P b 0.05) was observed in sows with a weight loss N 10%, body protein loss N 10%, body fat loss N 20% or a BCS loss ≥ 1.0 point. When sows were categorized into two groups of BW at farrowing-low (167-206 kg) or high (207-245 kg), higher SLS (P b 0.05) was observed in sows losing more than 8% of BW or 9% of protein mass. The loss of b 22% in fat mass increased the SLS in sows of high BW (P b 0.05) but not in those of low BW at farrowing. In conclusion, SLS is affected by absolute body reserves at weaning and by their mobilization during lactation indicating the importance of achieving an adequate body condition at parturition and of optimizing the feed intake in lactating primiparous sows.

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Section: Bwf Classessupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bwf Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body reserve mobilization during lactation in first parity sows and its effect on second litter size

et al. 2010

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“…The sows were slaughtered 30 ± 1 d after insemination for examination of the genital tracts. This part is extensively described in a companion paper [14].…”

Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: I. Consequences on sow metabolic status and litter growth

et al. 2005

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-The hypothesis that the restriction of dietary protein during lactation has different impacts on sow metabolic status and milk production according to body weight was evaluated. From 5-months of age until farrowing, the gilts were fed to achieve body weights of 180 or 240 kg at farrowing. At this time, 38 sows were assigned to one of three groups: "180 kg" sows not restricted in dietary protein during lactation (180CP); "180 kg" restricted in protein (180LP), or "240 kg" sows restricted in protein (240LP). Catheters were fitted in the jugular vein of 24 sows and serial blood samples were collected 1 d before and 1 d after weaning. Amongst the protein-restricted animals, heavy sows (240LP) had a smaller appetite than light sows in early lactation, resulting in lower energy and protein intakes in the 240LP than in the 180LP sows. Body protein losses were 8, 11 and 13.5% of calculated body protein mass at farrowing in the 180CP, 180LP and 240LP sows, respectively. At the end of lactation, IGF-I concentrations were lower in the 180LP than in the sows from the other groups, probably because of the uncoupling between GH and IGF-I secretions. Low IGF-I concentrations likely promote lean tissue mobilization. Glucose and insulin profiles suggested an insulin resistance state in the 240LP sows compared with the 180LP sows, which may explain, at least in part, the lower feed intake and body reserve mobilization in these sows. Plasma pre-and post-prandial concentrations of amino acids in late lactation differed among the three treatment groups. Throughout lactation, litters from the 180LP and 240LP sows had a slower growth rate than litters from sows which were not restricted, suggesting that endogenous protein mobilization throughout lactation does not completely compensate for a low protein intake. sow / live weight / lactation / protein intake / IGF-I / insulin

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“…For example, in hot climate, reducing the total protein content of the diet will minimize heat production and favour appetite (Silva et al, 2009). Third, increasing sow body reserves at farrowing has been shown to reduce the impact of protein deficiency during lactation (Clowes et al, 2003;Quesnel et al, 2005). Moreover, as mentioned above, restricting feeding during pregnancy may be associated with hunger and behavioural disorders.…”

Section: Reproductive Sows and Suckling Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High physiological demands in intensively raised pigs: impact on health and welfare

Prunier

Heinonen

Quesnel

2010

Animal

105

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Genetic selection and better control of the environment of the pigs have resulted in increased production levels concerning both reproduction and growth. Such high performances imply high physiological demands that may deteriorate health and welfare. The aims of this paper are to review the physiological challenges that pigs are facing, to identify possible consequences on health and welfare, to propose ways of detecting and correcting problems whenever possible. At weaning, piglets are submitted to abrupt changes in food supply, housing and social environment. Behavioural changes and efficient adaptations of the digestive tract are critical for their health and welfare. Physiological demands to support these adaptations and risks of failure are inversely related to the age of the pigs. During fattening, modern pigs have high daily weight gain especially of lean tissue as well as elevated feed conversion rate. These high growth performances are suspected to favour stress and disease susceptibility, undesirable behaviours as well as leg weakness, but further experimental data are necessary to validate these effects and find their origin. In reproductive females, high prolificacy generates elevated foetal demands for nutrients and space that are not fully met as shown by an increased number of light piglets having difficulties to adapt successfully to the neonatal life. During lactation, sows with high milk production have high nutrient requirements leading to intense catabolism that may affect their health, welfare and future reproductive abilities.

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Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: II. Consequences on reproductive performance and interactions with metabolic status

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Body reserve mobilization during lactation in first parity sows and its effect on second litter size

Body reserve mobilization during lactation in first parity sows and its effect on second litter size

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: I. Consequences on sow metabolic status and litter growth

High physiological demands in intensively raised pigs: impact on health and welfare

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