Dietary protocatechuic acid ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis and hepatotoxicity in rats

Abstract

The present study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of dietary protocatechuic acid (PCA), a simple hydrophilic phenolic compound commonly found in many edible vegetables, on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis and its associated hepatotoxicity in rats. PCA was administered orally at 10 mg kg(-1) to dextran sulphate sodium exposed rats for five days. The result revealed that administration of PCA significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the incidence of diarrhea and bleeding, the decrease in the body weight gain, shortening of colon length and the increase in colon mass index in DSS-treated rats. Furthermore, PCA prevented the increase in the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, markers of liver toxicity and markedly suppressed the DSS-mediated elevation in colonic nitric oxide concentration and myeloperoxidase activity in the treated rats. Administration of PCA significantly protected against colonic and hepatic oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant status and concomitantly decreased hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels in the DSS-treated rats. Moreover, histological examinations confirmed PCA chemoprotection against colon and liver damage. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PCA significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in the colon of DSS-treated rats. In conclusion, the effective chemoprotective role of PCA in colitis and the associated hepatotoxicity is related to its intrinsic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.

Ursolic acid protects against ulcerative colitis via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in mice

“…This indicated that DSS administration damaged the antioxidative ability, which may subsequently cause the onset of colitis onset. This is consistent with previous reports (26,27). In the present study, UA treatment for 7 days significantly improved the increased MDA content and decreased SOD activity in the colon tissues.…”

Colonic and Hepatic Modulation by Lipoic Acid and/or N‐Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Mild Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in Rats

“…Despite the intimate connection between liver and colon, the oxidative and inflammatory alterations found in our model of mild colitis (2% of DSS, v/v, for 5 days) could have been insufficient to cause liver damage, unlike the results of Trivedi and Jena [57] and Farombi et al [58]. However, when histological (Figure 6(a)), serological (Table 2), oxidative (Figure 7), and inflammatory (Figure 8) parameters were evaluated, hepatic damage in the LA + NAC group was identified.…”

Protective Effect of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. Fruit on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice: Role of Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway and Gut Microbiota

“…Therefore, favorable regulation of these inflammatory mediators could provide a feasible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UC. A previous study has shown that protocatechuic acid could adjust inflammatory cytokines as well as inhibited COX-2 and iNOS to alleviate UC (Farombi et al, 2016). In this study, treatment with BGF effectively inhibited the uncontrolled release of TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1b, and IFN-g, and increased the level of IL-10 as compared with the UC mice (all p < 0.01).…”