Dietary quality and the colonic mucosa–associated gut microbiome in humans

Abstract

Background Despite tremendous interest in modulating the microbiome to improve health, the association between diet and the colonic mucosa–associated gut microbiome in healthy individuals has not been examined. Objective To investigate the associations between Healthy Eating Index (HEI)–2005 and the colonic mucosa–associated microbiota. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, we analyzed bacterial community composition and structure using 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) sequencing of 97 colonic mucosal biopsies obtained endoscopically from different colon segments of 34 polyp-free participants. Dietary consumption was ascertained using an FFQ. Differences in α- and β-diversity and taxonomic relative abundances between the higher and lower score of total HEI and its components were compared, followed by multivariable analyses. Results The structure of the microbiota significantly differed by the scores for total HEI, total and whole fruits (HEI 1 and HEI 2), whole grains (HEI 6), milk products and soy beverages (HEI 7), and solid fat, alcohol, and added sugar (HEI 12). A lower score for total HEI and HEIs 2, 7, and 12 was associated with significantly lower richness. A lower score for total HEI was associated with significantly reduced relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Roseburia, and Subdoligranulum but higher Fusobacterium. A lower score for HEI 2 was associated with lower Roseburia but higher Bacteroides. A lower score for HEI 7 was associated with lower Faecalibacterium and Fusobacterium but higher Bacteroides. A lower score for HEI 12 was associated with lower Subdoligranulum but higher Escherichia and Fusobacterium (false discovery rate–adjusted P values <0.05). The findings were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Less abundant bacteria such as Alistipes, Odoribacter, Bilophila, and Tyzzerella were also associated with dietary quality. Conclusions A lower score for total HEI–2005 was significantly associated with reduced relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria but increased potentially harmful bacteria in the colonic mucosa of endoscopically normal individuals.

Gut dysbiosis is prevailing in Sjögren’s syndrome and is related to dry eye severity

“…Interestingly, Subdoligranulum genus was significantly decreased in environmental dry eye syndrome compared to controls and Sjögren's syndrome. Reduced abundance of Subdoligranulum genus has been reported to be associated with lower score of Healthy Eating Index (HEI) [44] and negatively correlated with Behcet syndrome [45]. Therefore, the role of Subdoligranulum genus is not clear in autoimmune diseases and requires further investigation.…”

Dietary inflammatory potential in relation to the gut microbiome: results from a cross-sectional study

“…Our study is novel in its specific focus on diet-related inflammation and its interaction with microbiome, a hypothesis rooted in biologically plausible relationships that are highly relevant to host health (14,76) . Using a construct-validated tool which converts major inflammation-related dietary factors commonly consumed by Americans to an overall interpretable diet score, the E-DII provides a comprehensive summary of the dietary inflammatory potential of participants' entire diets (41)(42)(43) .…”

Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population

“…The short-term consumption of diets depleted in fiber and plant-based products increases the abundance of bile-tolerant and pathogenic microorganisms and decreases the levels of microbes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides, along with their metagenomic potential and gene expression patterns [ 17 , 18 ]. Improvements in diet quality have also been shown to promote beneficial changes in the gut microbiota, increasing the levels of fiber-degrading bacteria and of genes for microbial carbohydrate degradation linked to short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism [ 19 , 20 ].…”