Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners

Gidding, Samuel S.; Dennison, Barbara A.; Birch, Leann L.; Daniels, Stephen R.; Gilman, Matthew W.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Rattay, Karyl Thomas; Steinberger, Julia; Stettler, Nicolas; Horn, Linda Van

doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2374

Cited by 411 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 168 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…For the second year of life, the AAP recommends feeding whole cow's milk to support the need for rapid growth and development of children in this age group, and using lower-fat milks for 1- and 2-year-old infants with a family history of obesity, lipid disorders or cardiovascular disease. This guideline is in contrast to the American Heart Association recommendation of lower-fat milk to all children aged 1 year and older [43]. The FITS data show that 60-68% of children aged 12-23 months consumed whole milk, but up to a third consumed reduced fat milks (fat-free, 1-2%) [32].…”

Section: Transitions In Food Consumption Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study in North America: What Children Eat, and Implications for Obesity Prevention

et al. 2013

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The latest exhaustive survey of dietary patterns in infants from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) in North America documents and quantifies current trends in infant feeding. These include higher than generally recommended energy, protein, and saturated fat intakes. The majority of infants are bottle fed at some point in their first year of life, and their weaning diet often includes low intakes of fruits and vegetables, with high starchy, rather than green or yellow, vegetables. Early introduction of solids, use of cow's milk prior to 1 year of age, and high juice intake in the first 2 years - all less desirable diet practices - are improving, but are still prevalent. More preschoolers are likely to get sweets or sweetened beverages than a serving of fruit or a vegetable on a given day. These food intake patterns mimic the adult American diet and are associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood and later life. But more importantly, these patterns appear to be set as early as 18 months of age, and by 20 months of age, they mimic the adult diet. Despite increase in total energy intake, and greater variety of foods, the basic characteristics of macronutrient intake distribution and food group contribution of energy to the diet before 2 years of age remain remarkably stable and similar to the family table. Obesity prevention needs to include specific targets in terms of breastfeeding and adequate formula feeding, as well as appropriate introduction of weaning foods with goals of changing the inadequate patterns documented in the FITS. These interventions will also require addressing parent and caregiver behaviors, including attending to hunger satiety cues (responsive feeding), and shaping early food preferences. This needs to be done starting at birth, in the first months of life. Early intervention offers a unique and potentially efficacious opportunity to shape the future dietary patterns of the next generation.

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Section: Transitions In Food Consumption Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study in North America: What Children Eat, and Implications for Obesity Prevention

et al. 2013

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“…Identifying and understanding the distribution of risk factors is key to developing effective population intervention programs that aim to prevent CVD [4, 5]. Dietary quality has been associated as a possible risk factor with the development of CVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake practices associated with cardiovascular risk in urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. Risk factors of CVD develop during childhood and adolescence, and dietary quality has been linked to the development of CVD itself. This study examines the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk in a group of urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2008 to April 2009 among 606 adolescents from the 8th, 9th and 10th grade in an urban area (Cuenca), and 173 adolescents from a rural area (Nabón) in Ecuador. Data collection involved measuring anthropometric data (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, dietary intake (2-day 24 h recall) and socio-demographic characteristics. Fasting blood lipids and glucose were measured in a subsample of 334 adolescents. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and linear regression models were used to (i) identify differences in food intake practices according to socioeconomic status and place of residence and (ii) establish relationships between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsMedian energy intake was 1851 kcal/day. Overall, fiber, fish and fruit and vegetables were scarcely consumed, while added sugar, refined cereals and processed food were important constituents of the diet. Two dietary patterns emerged, one labelled as “rice-rich non-animal fat pattern” and the other one as “wheat-dense animal-fat pattern”. The first pattern was correlated with a moderate increase in glucose in urban participants, while the second pattern was associated with higher LDL and cholesterol blood levels in rural participants.ConclusionsThis group of adolescents presented various dietary practices conducive to CVD development. Effective strategies are needed to prevent CVD in the Ecuadorian population by encouraging a balanced diet, which contains less refined cereals, added sugar, and processed food, but has more fruits, vegetables and whole grain cereals.

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“…The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 (DGA) recommended adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables as part of healthy eating pattern [DHHS/USDA, 2015]. Dietary recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics for children and adolescents also include eating more fruits and vegetables and reducing added sugar [Gidding et al., 2006]. MyPlate (ChooseMyPlate.gov) recommends one to two cup equivalents of fruit per day for children depending on age, gender, and physical activity [USDA, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of raisin and raisin‐containing food consumption with nutrient intake and diet quality in US children: NHANES 2001‐2012

Fulgoni

Painter²,

Carughi³

2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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BackgroundRaisins are a commonly consumed dried fruit and given their nutrient profile may offer nutritional and health benefits.ObjectiveTo examine the association between consumption of raisins and raisin‐containing foods with nutrient intake and dietary quality in children.MethodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 2001–2012 in those 2–18 years of age (n = 20,175) were used. Consumers of raisins (n = 154, 51.6% female) and raisin‐containing foods (n = 1,993, 52.5% female) were defined as reporting any consumption of raisins and raisin‐containing foods, respectively, during the first 24‐hr diet recall. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010. Regression analyses were conducted comparing consumers and nonconsumers using appropriate sample weights and adjusted for demographic and lifestyle covariates with significance set at p < 0.01.ResultsRegarding “nutrients of public health concern/shortfall nutrients” and “nutrients to limit,” raisin consumers had higher intakes of dietary fiber (23%), potassium (16%), magnesium (12%) with lower intakes of added sugars (−19%) than nonconsumers. Similarly, consumers of raisin‐containing foods also had higher intakes of dietary fiber (15%), potassium (5%), magnesium (11%), iron (6%), vitamin A (10%), and vitamin E (13%) and lower intake of sodium (−5%). Consumers of raisin and raisin‐containing foods had higher intakes of fruits (60%, 16%, respectively), whole fruits (119%, 23%, respectively) and whole grains (44%, 93%, respectively) and had a better diet quality as per higher total HEI 2010 scores (22%, 8%, respectively) than nonconsumers.ConclusionIn conclusion, consumption of raisins or raisin‐containing foods was associated with better nutrient intake and diet quality in American children.

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Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners

Cited by 411 publications

References 168 publications

Lessons from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study in North America: What Children Eat, and Implications for Obesity Prevention

Lessons from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study in North America: What Children Eat, and Implications for Obesity Prevention

Dietary intake practices associated with cardiovascular risk in urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Association of raisin and raisin‐containing food consumption with nutrient intake and diet quality in US children: NHANES 2001‐2012

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