Dietary recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

This practice guideline is aimed at all professional groups caring for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm). In addition to the multifaceted aspects of nutrition in diabetes, there is a particular call for individualization of therapy, counseling, empowerment, and diabetes self-management [1][2][3]. Therefore, the Nutrition Committee of the DDG has set the goal to compile practice guidelines on nutrition as target group-specific as possible with the highest available evidence. In doing so, it is considered necessary to treatment forms separately presentation since the therapeutic significance of nutrition differs significantly in each case and must be seen against the background of different drug therapy components.T2Dm is characterized by a progressive course in terms of β-cell insufficiency, which progresses at different rates in different indi-viduals [4][5][6][7]. Against this background, patients with T2Dm have both quite different characteristics and treatment regimens [8].For patients with special life circumstances, e. g., sarcopenia and need for long-term care, diets must be designed taking strong consideration of personal preferences and with an emphasis on meeting protein requirements.Overall, as a result, nutritional therapy needs to be highly individualized to realize its full potential.The option of individualized nutritional counseling, including via telemedicine, should therefore be used more widely and intensively in people with T2Dm. The general goals are to promote balanced eating habits, provide training on appropriate portion sizes, and address individual dietary needs while maintaining enjoyment of food and providing practical tools for meal planning. Individualized nutrition counseling sessions include evidence-based topics

Empfehlungen zur Ernährungsprävention des Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus

“…Die vorliegenden Praxisempfehlungen befassen sich nahezu ausschließlich mit Ernährungsthemen. Bei der Komplexität möglicher Ernährungsweisen, welche unterschiedliche Biografien, Vorlieben und Aversionen abbilden, ist die möglichst individuelle Beratung, wie sie vom Ausschuss für Ernährung der DDG in den Praxisempfehlungen zur Ernährungstherapie des T2Dm gefordert wird [2], eine besondere Herausforderung. Die Schwierigkeit, möglichst hochgradig evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen in der Literatur zu finden, wird durch die Breite der Symptome, auf die diese Empfehlungen abzielen sollen, noch verstärkt.…”

Effectiveness of the Telemedical Lifestyle Intervention Program TeLIPro for Improvement of HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized-Controlled Trial in a Real-Life Setting

“…In the meantime, however, the beneficial effects of formula diets have been documented in a large number of studies in different countries, with a substantial potential for diabetes remission [ 8 , 9 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], which is defined as HbA 1c < 6.5% measured at least three months after termination of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy [ 34 ]. Therefore, meal-replacement therapy has become included in the guidelines of the national and international diabetes associations as a baseline therapy option for the treatment of T2DM [ 35 , 36 ].…”

“…Based on these observations, many lifestyle interventions were dismissed as not sustainable, especially for the reduction of all-cause mortality [ 43 ]. In the meantime, however, the potential of lifestyle interventions has been recognized so that they have even been included as basic therapy in the current diabetes guidelines [ 35 , 36 ]. However, the same demands would never have been placed on pharmaceutical diabetes therapy.…”

Nutritional Recommendations for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The present clinical practice guideline deals almost exclusively with nutrition. It is a particular challenge-in view of the complexity of possible diets, which reflect different biographies, preferences and aversions-to provide the most individual advice possible, as recommended by the Committee for Nutrition of the DDG in the clinical practice guideline for nutritional therapy of the T2DM [2]. The difficulty of finding the highest possible evidence-based recommendations in references is exacerbated by the breadth of symptoms that these recommendations are intended to target.…”