Dietary Red Meat Adversely Affects Disease Severity in a Pig Model of DSS-Induced Colitis Despite Reduction in Colonic Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression

Abstract

Diet plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis and management of ulcerative colitis (UC), and epidemiologic studies indicate an association between red meat intake and increased risk of UC development. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of a red meat diet on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in pigs. Weaned pigs (42 days old) were fed either a control diet or a diet substituted with 15% minced, cooked and dried beef from experimental day 0 to 14. From day 14 to 18, half of the pigs on each diet received a daily oral dose of DSS. Dietary red meat aggravated the severity of colitis based on clinical signs of disease (negative performance score) and histopathological parameters in the colon such as erosion/ulceration and the overall inflammation score but no negative effects were observed on systemic health or small intestinal permeability. Importantly, dietary meat also caused a potential beneficial reduction in the colonic expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6, the pro-inflammatory enzyme PTGS2 and in the chemokine IL-8. The present study emphasizes the potential of diet to modulate mucosal inflammation and that a red meat diet might be a risk factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease.

Protective Effects of Shrimp Peptide on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

“…UC is an inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects certain regions of the colon uninterruptedly or damages the entire colon in severe cases. The inflammation is generally confined to the mucosa ( 23 ) and this condition is likely linked to immune dysregulation of the intestine. Amongst the immunoregulatory factors, oxidative stress is one of the main triggers responsible for the continuous development of the disease ( 24 ).…”

A westernized diet changed the colonic bacterial composition and metabolite concentration in a dextran sulfate sodium pig model for ulcerative colitis

“…Aimed at demystifying the complex pathology of IBD, many studies have been conducted using animal models ( Knudsen et al, 2020 ; Mizoguchi et al, 2020 ; Nielsen et al, 2020 ; Mizoguchi et al, 2021 ). Colitis in pigs may share some symptoms with UC ( Chase-Topping et al, 2007 ; Panah et al, 2021 ), and since pigs are closer to humans than rodents like mice or guinea pigs with regard to their colonic microbiota, anatomy and physiology ( Liu et al, 2017 ), they are often used as surrogate models.…”

“…Therefore, establishing inflammation in the colon of pigs could provide a better experimental model for human IBD ( Pistol et al, 2020 ). One of the most common chemicals used to simulate active IBD in animal models is DexSS administered orally, which has previously been tested in pig ( Nielsen et al, 2020 ; Pistol et al, 2020 ) and murine ( Eichele and Kharbanda, 2017 ) colitis models. It has been combined with dietary interventions to investigate, e.g., the potential impact of food components on mitigation of IBD activity ( Bassaganya-Riera and Hontecillas, 2006 ; Pistol et al, 2020 ).…”

Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury Further Aggravates the Impact of Galantamine on the Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Experimental Pigs

“…The impact of DSS on the entire gastrointestinal tract depends on three variables: molecular weight of DSS, daily dose and cumulative dose of DSS. Different doses of medium-molecular-weight DSS have been recommended (from 0.25 to 1.25 g/kg/day) for induction of experimental gastrointestinal injury [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 39 ]. We intentionally decided on administration the lower dose (0.3 g/kg/day) to induce functional but not a structural gastrointestinal injury.…”

“…Its function can be further deteriorated by an underlying inflammatory or ischemic condition of the intestine. Experimental dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced injury affects morphology and/or function of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including the small bowel [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], and thus, interfere with the absorption and pharmacokinetics of different drugs. In experimental setting, DSS can also induce functional gastric motor disorder [ 26 ].…”