Dietary Reference Values for riboflavin

Abstract

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derives dietary reference values (DRVs) for riboflavin. The Panel considers that the inflection point in the urinary riboflavin excretion curve in relation to riboflavin intake reflects body saturation and can be used as a biomarker of adequate riboflavin status. The Panel also considers that erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient is a useful biomarker, but has limitations. For adults, the Panel considers that average requirements (ARs) and population reference intakes (PRIs) can be determined from the weighted mean of riboflavin intake associated with the inflection point in the urinary riboflavin excretion curve reported in four intervention studies. PRIs are derived for adults and children assuming a coefficient of variation of 10%, in the absence of information on the variability in the requirement and to account for the potential effect of physical activity and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype. For adults, the AR and PRI are set at 1.3 and 1.6 mg/day. For infants aged 7-11 months, an adequate intake of 0.4 mg/day is set by upward extrapolation from the riboflavin intake of exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months. For children, ARs are derived by downward extrapolation from the adult AR, applying allometric scaling and growth factors and considering differences in reference body weight. For children of both sexes aged 1-17 years, ARs range between 0.5 and 1.4 mg/day, and PRIs between 0.6 and 1.6 mg/day. For pregnant or lactating women, additional requirements are considered, to account for fetal uptake and riboflavin accretion in the placenta during pregnancy or the losses through breast milk, and PRIs of 1.9 and 2.0 mg/day, respectively, are derived.

Fermentation of Cauliflower and White Beans with Lactobacillus plantarum – Impact on Levels of Riboflavin, Folate, Vitamin B12, and Amino Acid Composition

“…It is naturally present in several different foods, including plants, and main sources of riboflavin intake are milk and dairy products, followed by cereals and meat. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is not stored in the body, and the daily dietary reference value has been set to 1.6 mg for adults [22]. Despite its presence in a wide variety of foods, riboflavin deficiency may occur.…”

The Newly Developed Elderly Nutrient-Rich Food Score Is a Useful Tool to Assess Nutrient Density in European Older Adults

“…Population Reference Intakes and Adequate Intakes as set by the European Food Safety Authority (37–50), the Nordic Council of Ministers (51), the Health Council of the Netherlands (52) as well as the labeling reference intake values as set by the European Food Safety Authority (53) were used as Dietary Reference Values (DRV) (Table 2). The percentage of DRV for each nutrient was capped at 100% DRV to avoid overvaluing food items that provide very large amounts of a single nutrient, such as fortified foods (22).…”

Real-Time Detection of Riboflavin Production by Lactobacillus plantarum Strains and Tracking of Their Gastrointestinal Survival and Functionality in vitro and in vivo Using mCherry Labeling

“…Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a water-soluble vitamin which is a central and crucial component of cellular metabolism, since it is the precursor of the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) (LeBlanc et al, 2011). According to the European Food Information Council, the riboflavin “Recommended Daily Amount” (EU RDA) is 1.6 mg per day (EFSA NDA Panel, 2017) and this has to be ingested regularly, because human beings are unable to store this vitamin. Riboflavin production is a trait present in certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which can be biotechnologically exploited to substitute the chemically synthesized vitamin in food fortification as a natural and economically viable strategy (Capozzi et al, 2012).…”