Dietary Restriction and Beta-Cell Sensitivity to Glucose in Adult Male Rhesus Monkeys

Gresl, Theresa A.; Colman, Ricki J.; Havighurst, Thomas C.; Allison, David B.; Schoeller, Dale A.; Kemnitz, Joseph W.

doi:10.1093/gerona/58.7.b598

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Two studies of CR in rhesus monkeys have been ongoing for the past 20 years, involving levels of restriction of 30% less than ad libitum feeding. As expected, CR resulted in decreased body fat and temperature (Lane et al, 1996) improved glucose tolerance, delayed T-cell senescence (Gresl et al, 2003;Messaoudi et al, 2006). Notably, these studies revealed a marked effect of CR in suppressing the occurrence of age-related disease, with CR monkeys having a three times lower incidence of age-related disease (Colman et al, 2009).…”

Section: Cr In Primatessupporting

confidence: 67%

Roles of Oxidative Damage, Exercise, and Caloric Restriction in Health Span

Motch¹,

McCarter²

2010

annu rev gerontol geriatr

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The goal of this chapter is to critically examine the possible contributions of oxidative damage, exercise, and caloric restriction (CR) to health in later life by defi ning these quantities, discussing experimental studies that suggest their importance for particular measures of health and then evaluating their role in the determination of health span. The timing, duration, and combination of these factors contribute to environment, a major determinant of longevity. Current information indicates that genetic inheritance contributes no more than 35% of an individual' s longevity, implying personal choices in lifestyle greatly impact health and health span. Physical activity is known to promote longevity and health, whereas physical inactivity promotes obesity and augments the risk of endocrine, nutritional, and age-associated diseases. The balance of biomarkers of oxidative stress (such as plasma protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine, and malondialdehyde) and those of antioxidant status (such as oxygen radical absorbance capacity) may provide some indication of health. Individual differences in the physiological function of the infl ammatory and heat-shock responses may also impact aging and health span. CR is one of the most robust and reliable means of improving health and performance in old age. This regimen of decreasing food intake has been demonstrated to extend longevity and increase vitality in CELLS TO HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEMS ANNUAL REVIEW OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICSa wide range of organisms under laboratory conditions. Preliminary results in monkeys and men and women are encouraging for promoting health span, if not life span. However, recent data indicate that genetic background is important in these effects, suggesting caution should be exercised in applying CR in freeliving men and women. Compounds capable of inducing such effects without the need to reduce feeding recently have been identifi ed and are in the process of widespread testing. Possibilities for extending the health span using exercise and CR-like effects thus appear promising, but undesirable side effects must also be recognized and accommodated.

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Section: Cr In Primatessupporting

confidence: 67%

Roles of Oxidative Damage, Exercise, and Caloric Restriction in Health Span

Motch¹,

McCarter²

2010

annu rev gerontol geriatr

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“…The UW study assessed glucose kinetics during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Compared to controls, DR monkeys had lower basal ␤-cell sensitivity to glucose, greater insulin sensitivity and a lower first-phase plasma insulin response [17]. Body fatness was highly predictive of glucose response in these monkeys, and these factors may contribute to an overall reduced disease risk.…”

Section: Glucose Insulin and Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 89%

Dietary Restriction in Aging Nonhuman Primates

Mattison¹,

Roth²,

Lane³

et al. 2006

Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology

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Dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to benefit health and longevity in a wide variety of species, although most have maximal life spans of only a few years. In 1987, the National Institute on Aging began the first well-controlled long-term study in a species with a considerably longer life span and a closer physiology to humans. Using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), an extensive array of physiological measures have been conducted in both males and females to evaluate the effects of DR. Monkeys benefit from DR with a lower body weight, body fat, blood glucose and thus are at lower risk for developing diabetes. Changes in several endocrine measures indicate an altered hormonal axis; however, circadian patterns and timing relative to the onset of DR can obscure the differences. Despite the caloric deficit, female monkeys are not reproductively compromised, and both males and females may benefit immunologically. There remains much to be learned from this model of DR including whether long-term DR will increase life span in a primate species.

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“…Modeling of pre- and posthepatic insulin secretion by concurrent measurement of glucose, C-peptide, and insulin levels indicated that in CR monkeys the pancreatic beta cell is less sensitive to glucose in the fasted state but not in the glucose-stimulated condition. Differences between groups are related to differences in (abdominal) body fatness (Gresl et al 2003a). CR increased insulin receptor signaling as evidenced by greater IRS-1 and -2 protein abundance.…”

Section: Aggregated Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie Restriction and Aging in Nonhuman Primates

Kemnitz¹

2011

ILAR Journal

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In the 75 years since the seminal observation of Clive McCay that restriction of calorie intake extends the lifespan of rats, a great deal has been learned about the effects of calorie restriction (CR; reduced intake of a nutritious diet) on aging in various short-lived animal models. Studies have demonstrated many beneficial effects of CR on health, the rate of aging, and longevity. Two prospective investigations of the effects of CR on long-lived nonhuman primate (NHP) species began nearly 25 years ago and are still under way. This review presents the design, methods, and main findings of these and other important contributing studies, which have generally revealed beneficial effects of CR on physiological function and the retardation of disease consistent with studies in other species. Specifically, prolonged CR appears to extend the lifespan of rhesus monkeys, which exhibited lower body fat; slower rate of muscle loss with age; lower incidence of neoplasia, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and endometriosis; improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance; and no apparent adverse effect on bone health, as well as a reduction in total energy expenditure. In addition, there are no reports of deleterious effects of CR on reproductive endpoints, and brain morphology is preserved by CR. Adrenal and thyroid hormone profiles are inconsistently affected. More research is needed to delineate the mechanisms of the desirable outcomes of CR and to develop interventions that can produce similar beneficial outcomes for humans. This research offers tremendous potential for producing novel insights into aging and risk of disease.

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Dietary Restriction and Beta-Cell Sensitivity to Glucose in Adult Male Rhesus Monkeys

Cited by 10 publications

References 65 publications

Roles of Oxidative Damage, Exercise, and Caloric Restriction in Health Span

Roles of Oxidative Damage, Exercise, and Caloric Restriction in Health Span

Dietary Restriction in Aging Nonhuman Primates

Calorie Restriction and Aging in Nonhuman Primates

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