Dietary Restriction Behaviors and Binge Eating in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: Trans-diagnostic Examination of the Restraint Model

Elran‐Barak, Roni; Sztainer, Maya; Goldschmidt, Andrea B.; Crow, Scott J.; Peterson, Carol B.; Hill, Laura; Crosby, Ross D.; Powers, Pauline S.; Mitchell, James E.; Grange, Daniel Le

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.05.012

Cited by 93 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…PD groups demonstrated significantly higher levels of restraint than both AN and BED groups, though these effects were based on a small number of studies, and thus should interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, the finding that PD was higher in restraint than AN is notable in light of theoretical (Lowe, 1993; Polivy & Herman, 1985) and empirical literature (Elran-Barak et al, 2015; Stice, Davis, Miller, & Marti, 2008) documenting the relationship between restraint, dieting, and binge eating, possibly suggesting those with PD may be more predisposed to develop loss of control eating behavior than those with AN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A review of purging disorder through meta-analysis.

Lavender¹

2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Although a growing body of research has examined Purging Disorder (PD), there remains a lack of conclusive evidence regarding the diagnostic validity of PD. This meta-analysis compared PD to DSM–5 eating disorders (i.e., Anorexia Nervosa [AN], Bulimia Nervosa [BN], and Binge Eating Disorder [BED]) and controls. A comprehensive literature search identified 38 eligible studies. Group differences on indicators of course of illness and both general and eating psychopathology were assessed using standardized effect sizes. Results supported the conceptualization of PD as a clinically significant eating disorder, but findings were less clear regarding its distinctiveness from other eating disorder diagnoses. More specifically, PD significantly differed from BN and BED in natural course of illness (g = .40–.54), and PD significantly differed from AN in treatment outcome (g = .27), with PD characterized by a better prognosis. Overall, PD was more similar to AN and BED on many dimensional measures of general and eating-related psychopathology, though PD was less severe than BN in most of these domains. PD, BN, and BED groups also evidenced similar frequencies of subjective binge episodes (SBEs), yet PD evidenced less frequent SBEs than AN. There is a clear need for future studies of PD to assess validators that have not been reported comprehensively in the literature, such as mortality, medical morbidity, and course of illness. Additionally, empirical classification studies are needed to inform future classifications of PD, particularly with regard to categorical differences between PD and other eating disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A review of purging disorder through meta-analysis.

Lavender¹

2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Theory and research in binge-eating samples have focused primarily on binge eating (and purging, when relevant) as a response to stressful experiences (Aubie & Jarry, 2009; Laessle & Schulz, 2009; Telch & Agras, 1996; Wonderlich et al, 2008). However, research suggests that individuals who binge eat also frequently restrict (Elran-Barak et al, 2015; Polivy & Herman, 1985). This study illuminates the need to further investigate whether both dietary restriction and binge eating may function to manage stress or negative affect among individuals who binge eat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it would be expected that higher energy intake would represent more disordered outcomes (i.e., over-consumption likely due to binge eating) in binge-eating samples, there are data indicating that individuals who binge eat also frequently engage in pronounced under-consumption (i.e., dietary restriction) (Elran-Barak et al, 2015; Polivy & Herman, 1985). Therefore, important findings may be masked by only examining elevated energy consumption if some the individuals in these studies engage in dietary restriction, in addition to binge eating, in response to negative affect.…”

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confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis of the affect regulation model of binge eating

Russell¹,

Haynos

Crow

et al. 2017

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There is research suggesting that binge eating may serve an affect regulation function. However, experimental evidence supporting this model in adults is sparse and studies have been mixed regarding whether negative affect impacts objective energy intake. This study examined the impact of a real-time interpersonal stressor on laboratory test meal intake between individuals endorsing recent objective binge eating (≥1x/week) and those denying disordered eating. Generalized linear modeling was used to compare individuals with recent binge eating (BE group; n = 52) to those denying recent eating pathology (HC group; n = 51) on test meal intake following a stressor (stressful condition) or neutral stimulus (non-stressful condition). Moderated mediation analyses were used to examine whether negative affect mediated the impact of condition on intake differently between BE and HC groups. The BE group did not have significantly higher energy intake than the HC group in the stressful verses non-stressful condition. However, the BE group was more likely to engage in extreme intake (i.e., over- or under-consumption) than the HC group in the stressful versus non-stressful condition (p = .02). Changes in negative affect did not significantly mediate the relationship between condition and intake extremes for the BE group. The results indicate that both over- and under-consumption are triggered by stress among individuals with recent binge eating. Continued research investigating both binge eating and restriction as a means of affect regulation in binge-eating samples is encouraged.

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“…Importantly, some researchers have shown that dietary restraint may lead to binge eating, whereas other studies have found insignificant effects when investigating the relationship between dietary restraint and binge eating (De Young et al, 2014; Elran-Barak et al, 2015; Goldschmidt, Wall, Loth, Le Grange, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2012; Mackinnon et al, 2011; Schaumberg, Anderson, Anderson, Reilly, & Gorrell, 2016). Although these conflicting findings may be due to methodological differences, they might also be contributed to the possibility of a third variable (Stice, 2002).…”

Section: Dietary Restraint and Binge Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social appearance anxiety and dietary restraint as mediators between perfectionism and binge eating: A six month three wave longitudinal study

Brosof

Levinson

2017

Appetite

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Binge eating is related to perfectionism and restrained eating. However, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are not well understood. It is possible that social anxiety, specifically social appearance anxiety (i.e., the fear of overall appearance evaluation), influences the relationship between binge eating, perfectionism, and dietary restraint. In the current study (N = 300 women), we tested the relationship between dietary restraint, social appearance anxiety, concern over mistakes (a component of perfectionism), and binge eating in prospective data (three time points: at baseline, at two month, and at six month follow up). We found that social appearance anxiety, dietary restraint, and concern over mistakes each predicted binge eating at baseline. Only social appearance anxiety prospectively predicted binge eating when accounting for all variables. Further, in the tested model, social appearance anxiety mediated the relationship between concern over mistakes and binge eating across six months. On the contrary, dietary restraint did not mediate the relationship between concern over mistakes and binge eating in the tested model. The finding that social appearance anxiety served as a mediator between concern over mistakes and binge eating, but that dietary restraint did not, implies that social appearance anxiety may be a more salient prospective predictor of binge eating than dietary restraint. Intervening on social appearance anxiety may be important in the treatment and prevention of binge eating.Keywords social anxiety; binge eating; social appearance anxiety; perfectionism; dietary restraint; disordered eating Binge eating, the uncontrollable consumption of an unusually large amount of food for a particular situation within a two-hour time period, is a prevalent eating disorder symptom associated with significant detrimental effects on physical and mental health, such as an Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Cheri Levinson, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Rm 309, Louisville, KY 40208. Phone: 502-852-7710, cheri.levinson@louisville.edu. We have no conflicts of interests to report.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript increased risk for obesity and psychiatric co-morbidity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013;Hovrud & De Young, 2015;Hudson, Hiripi, Pope Jr, & Kessler, 2007;Wilfley, Wilson, & Agras, 2003). Binge eating is a primary characteristic of both binge eating dis...

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Dietary Restriction Behaviors and Binge Eating in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: Trans-diagnostic Examination of the Restraint Model

Cited by 93 publications

References 30 publications

A review of purging disorder through meta-analysis.

A review of purging disorder through meta-analysis.

An experimental analysis of the affect regulation model of binge eating

Social appearance anxiety and dietary restraint as mediators between perfectionism and binge eating: A six month three wave longitudinal study

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