Dietary riboflavin requirement of fingerling<i>Channa punctatus</i>(Bloch) based on growth, conversion efficiencies, protein retention, liver riboflavin storage, RNA/DNA ratio and carcass composition

2018

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A 16‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary pantothenic acid requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus. Six casein–gelatin‐based diets (450 g/kg CP; 18.39 kJ/g GE) with graded levels of pantothenic acid (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (6.2 ± 0.71 cm; 4.26 ± 0.37 g) near to apparent satiation. The growth evaluation in terms of absolute weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention efficiency (PRE) indicated the best performance (p < .05) in fish fed diet containing 30 mg/kg pantothenic acid. Highest haemoglobin, haematocrit and RBCs counts were also obtained in fish fed diet with 30 mg/kg pantothenic acid. Mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell volume were found to be lowest in fish fed pantothenic acid‐free diet indicating the anaemia in this group of fish. Superoxidase dismutase and catalase activities of liver tissue were found to improve (p < .05) with the increasing levels of dietary pantothenic acid from 0 to 30 mg/kg. However, liver pantothenic acid concentration responded positively with the increasing levels of pantothenic acid up to 40 mg/kg diet and then stagnation in liver pantothenic acid concentration with the further inclusion of pantothenic acid was recorded. Second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of AWG, FCR and PRE exhibited the pantothenic acid requirement at 36.4, 32.8 and 34.7 mg/kg diet, respectively. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating pantothenic acid‐balanced commercial feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Dietary pantothenic acid requirement of fingerlingChanna punctatus(Bloch) based on growth, feed conversion, liver pantothenic acid concentration and carcass composition

Zehra

2018

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“…In the present study, diets deficient or excess in dietary copper showed reduced Hb and RBC count. Lower values of Hct, Hb and RBC counts have been acknowledged as the indications of anaemia in fish (Lin, Lin, & Shiau, 2012;Zehra & Khan, 2018). Decreased immunity, negative effect on the heartbeat, disturbance of respiratory system and other behavioural changes develop as a result of excess dietary copper (Ajani & Akpoilih, 2010;Das & Gupta, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When ROS generation rate is higher than their removal rate, it results in increased oxidative stress causing damaging effects such as lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and protein oxidation. To combat the effect of ROS attack, fish have developed enzymatic antioxidant defence system consisting of SOD, CAT, GPx, glutathione reductase and non‐enzymatic glutathione (Zehra & Khan, ). Antioxidant enzymes act in an intricate and coordinated manner in order to ensure defence against oxidative stress (Hermes‐Lima, ; Zehra & Khan, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary copper requirement of fingerlingHeteropneustes fossilisfor formulating copper‐balanced commercial feeds

Zafar

2019

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Dietary copper requirement of Heteropneustes fossilis (6.74 ± 0.03 g) was determined by feeding purified diets containing same protein (400 g/kg) and gross energy (17.89 kJ/g) but different levels of copper for 12 weeks. Graded amount of CuSO4.5H2O (0, 1.96, 3.93, 5.89, 7.86, 9.82, 11.79 mg/kg) was supplemented to basal diet to attain desired dietary copper levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/kg). Analysed dietary copper concentrations were 4.28, 4.63, 5.28, 5.70, 6.19 and 6.69 mg/kg. Absolute weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein gain improved with the increasing levels of dietary copper up to 5.28 mg/kg. Further inclusion of copper at a level of 5.70 mg/kg did not improve the above parameters. Significantly higher (p < .05) plasma ceruloplasmin, liver copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were evident in fish receiving diets with 5.28 and 5.70 mg/kg copper compared to other groups. Whole body and liver copper concentrations increased significantly (p < .05) with increasing dietary copper levels. Quadratic regression analysis of absolute weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein gain and broken‐line regression analysis of plasma ceruloplasmin activity and liver TBARS value against the variable dietary copper levels depicted the dietary copper requirements for fingerling H. fossilis in the range of 5.24–5.68 mg/kg.

“…RNA is directly involved in protein synthesis, and therefore, increases in RNA content are observed during periods of rapid growth, whereas DNA content is usually stable (Bulow, ) making the RNA/DNA ratio an indicator of protein synthesis capacity per cell. The RNA/DNA ratio is thus a frequently measured indicator of growth rate in several studies (NRC, , Zehra & Khan, , , 2017b). In this study, RNA/DNA ratio was found to improve with the increase in dietary thiamin concentrations up to 2.5 mg thiamin kg −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liver was removed from another three fish of each replicate tank of treatments and pooled, and five subsamples were taken for the assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). SOD and CAT activities were estimated as per the methods adopted by Zehra and Khan (). Liver SOD activity is expressed in unit per milligram of protein (U/mg protein).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary thiamin requirement of fingerlingChanna punctatus(Bloch) based on growth, protein gain, liver thiamin storage, RNA/DNA ratio and biochemical composition

Zehra

2017

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Dietary thiamin requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus was quantified by feeding casein/gelatin-based diets (450 g/kg CP; 18.39 kJ/g GE) with seven graded levels of thiamin (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg diet) to triplicate groups of fish (6.9 ± 0.93 cm;4.91 ± 0.62 g) for 16 weeks. Fish fed diet with 2.5 mg/kg thiamin reflected highest absolute weight gain (AWG), protein gain (PG), RNA/DNA ratio and lowest feed conversion ratio. Similarly, highest liver thiamin concentration was also recorded in fish fed 2.5 mg/kg thiamin diet. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration responded negatively with increasing concentrations of dietary thiamin up to 2.5 mg/kg, whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were found to improve with the increasing levels of dietary thiamin from 0 to 2.5 mg/kg. Transketolase activity also improved as the thiamin concentrations increased up to 2.5 mg/kg.Broken-line regression analysis of AWG, PG, RNA/DNA ratio, liver thiamin concentrations, transketolase and TBARS activities exhibited the thiamin requirement in the range of 2.34-2.59 mg/kg diet. Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating thiamin-balanced feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.