Dietary shochu kasu alleviates fatty liver induced by orotic acid

The metabolic effects of di (<em>2-ethyl hexyl</em>) <em>phthalate</em> medium dose on lipid profiles in serum and liver tissue

“…Liver lipids were extracted according to the method of Folch et al, 17 and concentrations of TG, cholesterol, and phospholipids (PL) were measured by the methods used elsewhere. [10][11][12]18,19 Serum TG, PL, cholesterol, and glucose were measured using enzyme assay kits from Wako Pure Chemicals according to the manufacture's instructions.…”

“…The mitochondrial and cytosol of liver sub cellular fractions were prepared as previously reported by Nagao et al 19 Protein content was determined by the method used in our previous studies. [10][11][12]18,19 Assays of hepatic enzyme activity…”

“…The malic enzyme (ME, EC1.1.1.40), the carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1; EC2.3.1.23), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC1.1.1.49), fatty acid synthase (FAS; EC2.3.1.85), phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP, EC3.1.3.4) activities were determined by the methods used in our previous studies. [10][11][12]18,19 The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px; EC1.11.1.9) was determined by the methods used elsewhere. 20,21…”

“…Commonly, disorders of lipid metabolism in the liver such as fat infi ltration induce hepatic steatosis. [10][11][12] The impacts of the hepatic steatosis is similar to those seen in patients with alcoholic liver disease and range from mild hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, liver fi brosis, and cirrhosis, 13 and, rarely, to hepatocellular carcinoma. 14 Considering di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate is widely used in consumer products in common society such as food packaging materials and children's toys 15 and used for tubing and containers for blood transfusions and blood products, etc., di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate constantly and directly or indirectly interacts with human and animal health cells.…”